So here is my problem - I understand all the laws, but when its time to apply them I get so confused whether the law works for gas, liquid, solid or all three. This might be very basic for most of you, but please bear with me. I need to get these laws straight. So I reviewed all the laws and I took some notes. I kind of came up with reasoning why a particular law applies to only a specific phase. It would be great if someone can make sure that I didn't make any mistakes & feel free to add any if you like :)

Le Chatelier's Principle - states that system to which a stress is applied tends to change so as to relieve the applied stress
- Pressure & temperature change applies to gases only, because they have very little effect on liquids & solids.
- concentration change applies to all 3 phases

Boyle's law - P1V2 = P2V2 - As pressure increases, volume decreases & vice versa
- applies to gases only
- doesn't apply to liquid & gases because of the same reason as above.

Charles law - V1/T1 = V2/T2
- applies to gases only
- I am not really sure why it can't be applied to liquids & solids

Dalton's law - PT = Pa + PB + Pc
- applies to gases only
- I guess liquids & solids don't have partial pressure :confused:

Graham's law - r1/r2 = sqrt MM2/MM1
- applies to gases only
- Why can't we apply this law to liquids?

Raoult's law - when solute B is added to pure solvent A, the vapor pressure of A above the solvent decreases.
- applies to liquids only - b/c solids & gases don't have vapor pressure

Thank you!

for graham's law, its basically effusion and diffusion...and gases only do this...the liquids and solids cant "diffuse" because remember liquid and solid are known as compressed states...gases can only diffuse and effuse

for graham's law, its basically effusion and diffusion...and gases only do this...the liquids and solids cant "diffuse" because remember liquid and solid are known as compressed states...gases can only diffuse and effuse
see I was kind of thinking about how liquids diffuse between membrane. Now I realize what you are trying to say. Thanks!

for graham's law, its basically effusion and diffusion...and gases only do this...the liquids and solids cant "diffuse" because remember liquid and solid are known as compressed states...gases can only diffuse and effuse
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Fluids exhibit diffusion.

Liquids and gases are considered fluids, so liquids can also diffuse.


However, any problem given on the DAT chem will probably be about the diffusion of gases, and Graham's law only applies to gases.

anytime you see " P" that means gas laws! or working with Gas. :)

what do u mean P....like in the equation or name?

what do u mean P....like in the equation or name?

Pressure