Oh young grasshopper, you have much to learn.
In addition to reading up about your patient and their comorbid conditions, you will want to read about any pertinent surgical issues specific to the case. If the patient is otherwise healthy ASA 1 for a knee scope, this won't take long. However, I can count on one hand the number of ASA1s I've done in the last few months. Maybe your patient for a knee scope has Conn's syndrome or mitral regurg or a difficult airway, etc, etc, etc. Or maybe your patient is fairly healthy (ha, right), other than their esophageal cancer and they're having a minimally invasive esophagectomy. You're going to want to know what's going on in the surgical procedure that might impact you (ie: one lung ventilation, trocars near the aorta, airway management, etc). Learning about your patients and their procedures is how you start to develop your clinical judgement. Do you need another IV? Do you need an a-line? Is this surgeon going to take 5 hours to get the gallbladder out? Are you going to be hosed if you push a stick of Roc at the start of the lap appy? These are things that you learn by doing, but having a clue in advance about what to expect will help you to solidify your knowledge and anticipate what could happen. I tend to run over in my head what the worst case scenario would be and how I would handle it.
The first few MONTHS (not first week) of your anesthesia residency are going to feel like trying to drink out of a fire hydrant. There is a huge amount of material to learn, and it extends far beyond learning the basics of procedures and the pharmacology of a few drugs. If everything could be learned that quickly, there wouldn't be so many texts for you to read cover-to-cover.
Additionally, the entire point of residency is to learn as much as you can. So hopefully you are in a place that will discourage the 'prop,fent,mask,roc,tube,des,chart' routine and encourage you to explore alternative ways to run a case, manage an airway, and become comfortable with a variety of drugs.