Canadian universities tuition is way, way, way lower than US universities, and many will waive international grad students down to domestic levels (a few thousand a year) compared to the US 20k and up. Also, in Canada, the programs often separate the masters and phd programs, but they work functionally the way that US PhD programs do - the masters programs aren't considered to be terminal, so if you are accepted to the master's program the expectation is that you will continue on into the phd program (even though they are listed as separate programs). So you would actually apply to the "masters" programs but with the expectation of doing the PhD. You are right about funding, as a non-Canadian you won't be eligible for the types of federal funding that you could bring with you into a program (from CIHR, SSHRC, or NSERC) but many universities have university-level or department-level funding for international students. Your best bet is to identify schools that are a good fit with your research interests and then contact potential faculty mentors at that school directly to find out how it would work for an international student. Source: US citizen who did my MA and PhD work at a Canadian university. Good luck, OP!