You can definitely do research if you REALLY wanted to
I'm not talking about finding a position where you create your own projects and get published. You could volunteer at a research lab and do some mindless lab work. Or you could be a data collector.
There are research volunteer positions out there where you only need to commit to a few hours a week. The hard part is finding them. You can try to email some professors or if you have a medical school nearby, try talking to some students to find out which professors are seeking volunteer assistants. Research isn't necessary though.
You should definitely volunteer at a hospital+shadow.
Are you able to rejoin any volunteer services you were doing in the past?
Since you work a full time job, it'll be tough to volunteer and go to school at the same time. Do you think your GPA would change significantly if you took some more classes? If you think you have time, you should take upper level science courses to give admission committees a recent indication of your ability to succeed in medical school.
Yes, it wouldn't be very impressive to adcoms if you applied this year to only have a marginally better application the following cycle. It would be much more impressive to see your accomplishments after a whole year. After volunteering for 1 year for medically and non-medically related organizations and shadowing physicians, you show adcoms that you are seriously interested in medicine. In addition, your activities show adcoms that you understand what the field of medicine is really like and that you have an interest in serving your community.
There really is no rush, and waiting for one more year can really boost your chances of success. With your GPA, an MCAT of 33, and your new extracurricular activities, I think you'll do very well the next cycle for DO schools. You might also have some success with MD schools (again, apply early and broadly). In the mean time, make some more money because you'll definitely need it for medical school. Take your time studying for the MCAT.