- what type of job are you looking for: academic research type work or clinical ?
- what country are you looking to move to ?
It is very much dependent on where you want to go.
There are three aspects to this:
#1 Getting your medical degree accepted in order for the right to practice medicine.
#2 Getting your residency training accepted for the respective specialty certification.
#3 Getting your academic title (PhD) accepted in order to qualify for a teaching/research position at a university (goverment run universities can be very buerocratic and particular on that issue)
#1 & #2 at times are intertwined. In the UK for example, as an 'overseas candidate' you would typically have to write the PLAB (a USMLE like series of basic and clinical science exams) before you can be registered with the GMC (=license to practice).
If on the other hand, you can convince the respective specialty college that your US training is equivalent to the UK training in that specialty, you can receive GMC registration without the PLAB. (difficult, most residencies are longer than the US counterparts and the procedure based specialties require far higher numbers).
For #3, it is variable. In some countries, you will need an 'expert opinion' from the doctorate committee of the local medical school. They will look whether you actually did research and defended a thesis, commonly the minimum requirement for a doctorate (a 'bare' US M.D. doesn't qualify as academic title in europe, except in Austria maybe). This is also done to make sure that you didn't buy your PhD from an unacredited online university.
Most european countries (spare the UK) are not prepared for physicians who trained abroad, seeking the right to practice. In these countries, if you have a university interested in hiring you, many of these issues have to be resolved on an individual basis.
As you know, within the EU, medical degrees have become interchangeable. From what I understand, if you have obtained acceptance of your 'overseas' medical degree in one of the EU countries, the others are obliged to accept this now 'intra EU' medical degree (lets say you are greek and receive a job offer from a greek hospital/university. They go to the authorities in Greece and get your degree converted into a greek medical degree. If you now go to the UK, the GMC cannot make you take the PLAB.) Be sure to confirm this by reviewing the respective EU directives and local laws, I might be completely off here.