Even if I knew what I know today .... I would still be an orthodontist over a GP. Granted I practiced in the lucrative early 90's, but I still suffered like most orthos after the 2008 crash. Suffering defined as making less money than I was accustomed to. 50% less.
Here's the reality though. 50% less than my past large take home check is still pretty good.
Practicing ortho today is definitely more challenging now than prior to 2008. It wasn't just the economy, but aligner treatment also played a large part.
I happen to believe the GP's have one of the hardest, high stress jobs around. Convincing patients they need something when they cannot really see it or feel it. Dealing with anxious patients. Patient demands. Technical and dental material stuff. I mean there are so many scenarios surrounding the care of teeth. Ortho? Crooked teeth? Okay ... I can fix that. No anesthetic. No loupes needed. Mostly reversible. Patients love the immediacy of the results with their front teeth. Lets pick some nice colored ties. How about a colored appliance. Patients are not typically scared to see the ortho, but the stress needle probably goes up a little when seeing the GP.
Nope .... I'm happy as a 2TH MVR.
I am a GP. worked my butt off today, and had gross income $2000 today excluding tax. I get paid somewhere b/t 30 - 35% of adjusted production. you can do math. That is a lot of income as a recent grad while the national average is 600 - 1000 a day. I can't complain for my production today.
Today, I did
-about 30 exams including emergency / recall/ new patient visits
-several fillings using good total etch technique, isolation, liner/base, incremental composite layering, good contact / occlusion
-turned emergency pt's broken teeth into same day extraction/ bone grafting / bridge prep/temp with extraction on emergency Pt
-did couple more crowns after RCTs were done by endodontists last week
-sat down with OS to discuss implant txplans.
-I felt I worked like a dog.
-took good xrays, good intraoral photos. Worked really hard to convince** my pts why fillings are needed on cavities that passed through DEJ and what the consequences would be if treatments are not done. why crowns are needed when MODL amalgam is breaking down, and cracks are everywhere around the tooth or cusps are broken. I don't like overtreatmentplanning.
-for endodontists to make takehome gross income of $2000 with 45% collection or production pay, they only need to 3 - 4 premolar or molar root canals depending on their fee schedule. That's just seeing only 3 - 4 pts a day. That's for PPO practice. In high end area, FFS endodontists charge up to 1500 - 2000 per molar endo. Some experienced endodontists do up to 10 molar root canals a day.
-for OS to make $2000, that is equivalent to doing 2 - 4 IV sedation cases depending on fee schedule, level of impaction, risk of nerve damage. Some low paying PPO fees are still as low as $105 - 110 for surgical extraction regardless whether that #17's apex is in close proximity o IAN, but some full bony impaction can go up to $500 on cash pts. you can do the math. extra consultation fee and extra IV sedation fee. that's where extra money comes from on OS side.
-plus, specialists get paid higher on production / collection. 30-35% for GPs, 40-50% for specialists depending on area, contracts, production vs collection, PPO vs FFS, etc.
Loan is a big issue for recent grads. I don't know how you pay them off though.. whether you marry a baller or your parents are paying them off for you.
I would be scared to graduate from a residency program if I had $1 mil student loans. That's equivalent to have 70k from compound interest only. I am not sure whether that would be worth it... if loan is a lot less than $1 mil or maybe 200 - 300k, then I think it will be definitely worth it if you enjoy practicing one specific area of dentistry, if you do not get bored of it, etc.
GP money seems lucrative when residents are still in training especially when the residents do not have real world dentistry experience. However, in a long run, if specialists can manage loans, they will make more money and work less in general. Excluding the business factor of general dentist (i.e. owning multiple practices, hiring inhouse specialists, volume of hygiene patients), and assuming that GPs like me working butt off 4 - 5 days a week as an associate in high volume PPO practice, I am pretty sure that my maximum take home gross income would be $450k a year and that's the highest that I can go while that number can be easily attained by recent grad endodontists doing 4 molars a day 4 days a week traveling around GP practices.
Just my 2 cents.
conclusion: if you have passion, interest, grades, resume or whatever, specialize if you can