anatomy q

[passiondentistr]

Neuroepithelial cells most likely found in
a. stratified squamous epithelium of tongue
b. simple columnar epithelium of stomach
c. simple cuboidal epithelium of kidney tubule

what r these neuroepithelial cells??? plzz explain their func tooo...

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[shuntyman]

ans -a. stratified squamous epithelium of tongue

TASTE BUDS:

• Oval, pale staining bodies that extend thru the epithelium. A taste pore sits at the apex
• 3 CELL TYPES:
  • Neuroepithelial cells and Supporting cells extend microvilli into taste pore
  • Basal cells regenerate: NE and S cells turnover every 10 day

 

[passiondentistr]

hey thanks
n I remember a question on Turnover now...
Which one has highest turnover rate?
plasma cell
Basal cell

 

[shuntyman]

Ans - basal cell
bcoz plasma cell forms only from B-lymphocyte on exposure of antigen...........

 

[passiondentistr]

Malonate is an effective inhibitor of metabolism.Its competitive inhibition is best reversed by
a. phosphoenolpyruvate
b. succinate

Plzz explain this guys ..

 

[armorshell]

Malonate is an effective inhibitor of metabolism.Its competitive inhibition is best reversed by
a. phosphoenolpyruvate
b. succinate

Plzz explain this guys ..

The question tells you that it's a competitive inhibitor, meaning what it's really asking you is "What is the substrate of the enzyme malonate inhibits?"

Does that help?

 

[pinktooth82]

The question tells you that it's a competitive inhibitor, meaning what it's really asking you is "What is the substrate of the enzyme malonate inhibits?"

Does that help?

malonate is an inhibitor of cellular respiration as it binds to the active site of succinate dehydrogenasein citric acid cycle.succinate dehydrogenase is the enzyme required for the conversions of succinate to fumarate in the TCA cycle. malonate does not react with succinate dehydrogenase but competes with succinate.hence the befitting answer would be succinate as increase availabilty of succinate will reverse the actions of malonate.

 

[porcelain258]

Malonate is an effective inhibitor of metabolism.Its competitive inhibition is best reversed by
a. phosphoenolpyruvate
b. succinate

Plzz explain this guys ..

ans. is succinate
malonate inhibits metabolism by binding to the active site of the enzyme (succinate dehydrogenase) in citric acid cycle ......thereby competitively inhibiting this enzyme
this enzyme is responsible for conversion of succinyl coA to succinate
thus by increasing the substrate conc. that is (succinate) only can the competitive inhibition be reversed

 

[passiondentistr]

thanks guys . there r so many people to help us out ..
Great going SDN !

 

[passiondentistr]

1.pressure of large veins at right atrim?

2.function of lysosome in steroid producing cell?

3. Polymerisation of collagen occurs in?
a.ER
b. extracelluler space
c. Cytoplasm

4.what event precedes the calcification of matrix?
5. what part of nephron uses most energy?

 

[IndianGraduate]

.

 

[shuntyman]

1.pressure of large veins at right atrim?

ans - lowest almost comes to ZERO.


2.function of lysosome in steroid producing cell?

ans- endocytosis of cholesterol molecules


3. Polymerisation of collagen occurs in?
a.ER
b. extracelluler space
c. Cytoplasm

ans- extracellular space wher tropocollanogen is polymerized to form polymer


4.what event precedes the calcification of matrix?


5. what part of nephron uses most energy?

proximal tubule- bcoz energy is required for the absoption of the 3/4 of the electolyte esp Na by Na/K ATPase pump.

 

[passiondentistr]

hey thanks I agree wit all ur ans shuntyman
but wat abt 4 q .
can anyone explain m the process??

 

[impaction]

1.pressure of large veins at ,right atrim?
equal to the right atrium pressure

2.function of lysosome in steroid producing cell?
same function as in other cells, the only difference is that in steroid producing cells , they release enzymes which acts on the endosomes
they have NO role in endocytosis

3. Polymerisation of collagen occurs in?
a.ER
b. extracelluler space
c. Cytoplasm

4.what event precedes the calcification of matrix?

which matrix calcification , you talking about.
is it bone matrix calcification?
what events, there are so many,????
couldnt understand the question

5. what part of nephron uses most energy?
PCT

 

[impaction]

1.pressure of large veins at right atrim?

ans - lowest almost comes to ZERO.


2.function of lysosome in steroid producing cell?

ans- endocytosis of cholesterol molecules
their function is degradation not endocytosis, endocytosis is done by plasma membrana

3. Polymerisation of collagen occurs in?
a.ER
b. extracelluler space
c. Cytoplasm

ans- extracellular space wher tropocollanogen is polymerized to form polymer


4.what event precedes the calcification of matrix?


5. what part of nephron uses most energy?

proximal tubule- bcoz energy is required for the absoption of the 3/4 of the electolyte esp Na by Na/K ATPase pump.

 

[passiondentistr]

R all the Preganglionic, postgang ,sympathetic ,parasympathetic cell bodies derived from the Neural crest ??? or is their any exception..

 

[shuntyman]

1. nerve supply of the floor of the mouth？？？

2. if condyle fractured at neck still it receives bld supply from???

 

[passiondentistr]

An adult patient presents with a temperature of 101O F (38O C). He complains of a limited ability to
open the mandible and exhibits obvious discomfort. Upon closing the mandible, tooth #31 exhibits
premature occlusion. Examination reveals swelling that extends from the apical area of tooth #31 to
the cheek, as well as a large carious lesion on tooth #31.
1. Purulent material will most likely be found in which of the following facial spaces?
A. Buccal
B. Sublingual
C. Submandibular
D. Pterygomandibular
2. In studying the purulent material, which of the following is the most likely energy producing
metabolic activity of its primary microorganism?
A. Fermentation
B. Phosphorylation
C. Aerobic respiration
D. Anaerobic respiration
3. On opening the mandible, in which of the following directions will it most likely deviate?
A. Left.
B. Right
C. Retrude
D. Protrude
4. Which of the following physiologic factors most likely explains this patient's elevated
temperature? The release of
A. histamine.
B. prostaglandin.
C. tumor necrosis.
D. glucocorticoids.
5. The carious process in the anatomical crown of tooth #31 was most likely initiated by which of
the following organisms?
A. Actinomyces actinomadura
B. Lactobacillus acidophilus
C. Prevotella negrescens
D. Streptococcus mutans
6.At a subsequent visit the tooth is anesthetized and prepared for a crown. The patient calls the
following day complaining of pain at the injection site and inability to open fully. The most
likely explanation is
A. spasm of the temporalis muscle.
B. trauma to the inferior alveolar nerve.
C. injection into the medial pterygoid muscle.
D. damage to the facial nerve during the injection.


An infant is brought to the hospital with severe abrasions following a bicycle accident involving the
mother. What should be the initial treatment?
A. Conduct a visual examination.
B. Treat for infection.
C. Administer pain killers to calm the infant.
D. Send for laboratory results.
E. Clean the wounds with an antiseptic.

When a patient bruxes the teeth, which of the following muscles might become
overdeveloped?
A. Masseter
B. Geniohyoid
C. Buccinator
D. Glossopharyngeal
E. Lateral pterygoid

 

[porcelain258]

An adult patient presents with a temperature of 101O F (38O C). He complains of a limited ability to
open the mandible and exhibits obvious discomfort. Upon closing the mandible, tooth #31 exhibits
premature occlusion. Examination reveals swelling that extends from the apical area of tooth #31 to
the cheek, as well as a large carious lesion on tooth #31.
1. Purulent material will most likely be found in which of the following facial spaces?
A. Buccal
B. Sublingual
C. Submandibular
D. Pterygomandibular
2. In studying the purulent material, which of the following is the most likely energy producing
metabolic activity of its primary microorganism?
A. Fermentation
B. Phosphorylation
C. Aerobic respiration
D. Anaerobic respiration
3. On opening the mandible, in which of the following directions will it most likely deviate?
A. Left.
B. Right
C. Retrude
D. Protrude
4. Which of the following physiologic factors most likely explains this patient’s elevated
temperature? The release of
A. histamine..
B. prostaglandins
C. tumour necrosis
D. glucocorticoids.
5. The carious process in the anatomical crown of tooth #31 was most likely initiated by which of
the following organisms?
A. Actinomyces actinomadura
B. Lactobacillus acidophilus
C. Prevotella negrescens
D. Streptococcus mutans
6.At a subsequent visit the tooth is anesthetized and prepared for a crown. The patient calls the
following day complaining of pain at the injection site and inability to open fully. The most
likely explanation is
A. spasm of the temporalis muscle.
B. trauma to the inferior alveolar nerve.
C. injection into the medial pterygoid muscle.
D. damage to the facial nerve during the injection.


An infant is brought to the hospital with severe abrasions following a bicycle accident involving the
mother. What should be the initial treatment?
A. Conduct a visual examination.
B. Treat for infection.
C. Administer pain killers to calm the infant.
D. Send for laboratory results.
E. Clean the wounds with an antiseptic.

When a patient bruxes the teeth, which of the following muscles might become
overdeveloped?
A. Masseter
B. Geniohyoid
C. Buccinator
D. Glossopharyngeal
E. Lateral pterygoid

pls correct me if wrong

 

[porcelain258]

R all the Preganglionic, postgang ,sympathetic ,parasympathetic cell bodies derived from the Neural crest ??? or is their any exception..

All the preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic cell bodies are derived from neuroectoderm becoz these cell bodies r within brain and spinal chord
all the postganglionic sympathetic and p.sympathetic cell bodies r derived from neural crest becoz they r outside the brain and spinal chord in the ganglion of the peripheral nervous system

 

[passiondentistr]

hey thanks but r u sure abt the 6 q ??

 

[shuntyman]

An adult patient presents with a temperature of 101O F (38O C). He complains of a limited ability to
open the mandible and exhibits obvious discomfort. Upon closing the mandible, tooth #31 exhibits
premature occlusion. Examination reveals swelling that extends from the apical area of tooth #31 to
the cheek, as well as a large carious lesion on tooth #31.
1. Purulent material will most likely be found in which of the following facial spaces?
A. Buccal
B. Sublingual
C. Submandibular
D. Pterygomandibular
2. In studying the purulent material, which of the following is the most likely energy producing
metabolic activity of its primary microorganism?
A. Fermentation
B. Phosphorylation
C. Aerobic respiration
D. Anaerobic respiration
3. On opening the mandible, in which of the following directions will it most likely deviate?
A. Left.
B. Right
C. Retrude
D. Protrude
4. Which of the following physiologic factors most likely explains this patient's elevated
temperature? The release of
A. histamine.
B. prostaglandin.
C. tumor necrosis factor.
D. glucocorticoids.



5. The carious process in the anatomical crown of tooth #31 was most likely initiated by which of
the following organisms?
A. Actinomyces actinomadura
B. Lactobacillus acidophilus
C. Prevotella negrescens
D. Streptococcus mutans
6.At a subsequent visit the tooth is anesthetized and prepared for a crown. The patient calls the
following day complaining of pain at the injection site and inability to open fully. The most
likely explanation is
A. spasm of the temporalis muscle.
B. trauma to the inferior alveolar nerve.
C. injection into the medial pterygoid muscle.
D. damage to the facial nerve during the injection.


An infant is brought to the hospital with severe abrasions following a bicycle accident involving the
mother. What should be the initial treatment?
A. Conduct a visual examination.
B. Treat for infection.
C. Administer pain killers to calm the infant.
D. Send for laboratory results.
E. Clean the wounds with an antiseptic.

When a patient bruxes the teeth, which of the following muscles might become
overdeveloped?
A. Masseter
B. Geniohyoid
C. Buccinator
D. Glossopharyngeal
E. Lateral pterygoid

 

[shuntyman]

ans the foll....

1. nerve supply of the floor of the mouth？？？

2. if condyle fractured at neck still it receives bld supply from???

 

[passiondentistr]

1. nerve supply of the floor of the mouth？？？ lingual nerve

2. if condyle fractured at neck still it receives bld supply from??? massetric nerve

 

[armorshell]

Buccal space seems like the best answer for the infection, considering the lesion is described as going into the cheek, pt has cheek swelling and trismus and no posterior deviation of the tongue or neck/floor of the mouth tenderness is described.

Prostaglandins are the best answer IMO for the fever one, as well as medial pterygoid for the injection.

 

[impaction]

An adult patient presents with a temperature of 101O F (38O C). He complains of a limited ability to
open the mandible and exhibits obvious discomfort. Upon closing the mandible, tooth #31 exhibits
premature occlusion. Examination reveals swelling that extends from the apical area of tooth #31 to
the cheek, as well as a large carious lesion on tooth #31.
1. Purulent material will most likely be found in which of the following facial spaces?
A. Buccal
B. Sublingual
C. Submandibular
D. Pterygomandibular

2. In studying the purulent material, which of the following is the most likely energy producing
metabolic activity of its primary microorganism?
A. Fermentation
B. Phosphorylation
C. Aerobic respiration
D. Anaerobic respiration
because anaerobic respiration occurs in all anaerobic organisms and fermentation occurs only in yeast, although the end product is same.
the only difference is in fermentation ENDOGENEOUS electron acceptor is used while in anaerobic EXOGENEOUS e receptor is used
3. On opening the mandible, in which of the following directions will it most likely deviate?
A. Left.
B. Right
C. Retrude
D. Protrude

4. Which of the following physiologic factors most likely explains this patient’s elevated temperature? The release of
A. histamine.
B. prostaglandin.
C. tumor necrosis.
D. glucocorticoids.

5. The carious process in the anatomical crown of tooth #31 was most likely initiated by which of the following organisms?
A. Actinomyces actinomadura
B. Lactobacillus acidophilus
C. Prevotella negrescens
D. Streptococcus mutans

6.At a subsequent visit the tooth is anesthetized and prepared for a crown. The patient calls thefollowing day complaining of pain at the injection site and inability to open fully. The most
likely explanation is
A. spasm of the temporalis muscle.
B. trauma to the inferior alveolar nerve.
C. injection into the medial pterygoid muscle.
D. damage to the facial nerve during the injection.



An infant is brought to the hospital with severe abrasions following a bicycle accident involving the mother. What should be the initial treatment?
A. Conduct a visual examination.
B. Treat for infection.
C. Administer pain killers to calm the infant.
D. Send for laboratory results.
E. Clean the wounds with an antiseptic.

When a patient bruxes the teeth, which of the following muscles might become
overdeveloped?
A. Masseter
B. Geniohyoid
C. Buccinator
D. Glossopharyngeal
E. Lateral pterygoid

 

[porcelain258]

hey thanks but r u sure abt the 6 q ??

am sorry for the 6th Q ...I kindof misread the question...
ans shd be medial pterygoid

 

[impaction]

ans the foll....

1. nerve supply of the floor of the mouth？？？
nerve of mylohoid muscle

2. if condyle fractured at neck still it receives bld supply from???
superficial temporal a

 

[shuntyman]

thanks for the answers.........
a few more


1. peripheral nerve tissue consistes of all except
axons
cell bodies
fibroblasts

2. posterior part of the disc connected by
cartilage ,
fibrousb bands


3. antivirals mode of action - against nucleic acid
against rna
against protien


4. parallel to rods and hypocalcified arising from dej are
tufts
hunterschregger bands
spindles

 

[porcelain258]

thanks for the answers.........
a few more


1. peripheral nerve tissue consistes of all except
axons
cell bodies
fibroblasts

2. posterior part of the disc connected by
cartilage ,
fibrousb bands


3. antivirals mode of action - against nucleic acid
against rna
against protien


4. parallel to rods and hypocalcified arising from dej are
tufts
hunterschregger bands
spindles

not sore about 3rd

 

[armorshell]

There's no such thing as anaerobic respiration

 

[armorshell]

ans the foll....

1. nerve supply of the floor of the mouth？？？
nerve of mylohoid muscle

2. if condyle fractured at neck still it receives bld supply from???
superficial temporal a

GSA from the floor of the mouth comes from the lingual nerve, not the mylohyoid.

 

[passiondentistr]

yeah its definetly LINGUAL NERVE

3. antivirals mode of action - against nucleic acid
against rna
against protien

 

[passiondentistr]

2. In studying the purulent material, which of the following is the most likely energy producing
metabolic activity of its primary microorganism?
A. Fermentation
B. Phosphorylation
C. Aerobic respiration
D. Anaerobic respiration

hey ' Armorshell' can u plzz eloborate ur explanation .

 

[shuntyman]

principal Ig present in SAlIVA????

principal Ig present in ＧＩＮＧＩ　　　　　　　　ＶＡＬ ＣＲＥＶＩＣＵＬＡＲ FLUID　　　　　　　　?????

 

[quest_life]

1) What is medial to medial pterygoid muscle ?
2) IgG is saliva is produced by ?

3) Keratinised epithelium in relation to mandibular first premolar is seen on

a) attached gingival
b) free gingival
c) junctional epithelium
d) sulcular epithelium


4) Deepest and circular fossa found on the mandibular teeth is

a) Mesial
b) Central
c) Distal
d) Lingual

5) Hypoxic injury in a cell is distinctive by

a) protein synthesis of the cell
b) production of ATP (dnt have other choices)

6) Attrition changes on the maxillary canine are seen on the

a) Cingulum?
b) Mesial marginal ridge
c) Distal marginal ridge
d) Lingual ridge

7) Most perpendicular tooth is
a) Max Canine
b) Max premolar
c) Mand premolar
d) Molar

8) Something like which area is anesthetized by GA
a) Cerebellum
b) Cerebrum
c) Limbic system
d) Medulla

9)What passes thro the pterygopalatine fossa and posterior to the maxillary tuberosity ?

10) Entry of sodium and water along the proximal tube causes
a) Amounts to 95% of the contents being reabsorbed ?
b) Results Increases osmolality
c) Occurs against resistance

11) Osmolarity is highest in

a) Inner layer of medulla
b) Outer layer of medulla
c) Renal papilla
d) Cortex

 

[shuntyman]

principal Ig present in SAlIVA???? Ig A

principal Ig present in ＧＩＮＧＩ　　　　　　　　ＶＡＬ ＣＲＥＶＩＣＵＬＡＲ FLUID　　　　　　　　????? IgG

correct me if m rong...

 

[shuntyman]

1) What is medial to medial pterygoid muscle ?
inferior alv ner nd vessels and lingual nerve

2) IgG is saliva is produced by ?
gingival crevicular fluid

3) Keratinised epithelium in relation to mandibular first premolar is seen on

a) attached gingival
b) free gingival
c) junctional epithelium
d) sulcular epithelium


4) Deepest and circular fossa found on the mandibular teeth is

a) Mesial
b) Central
c) Distal
d) Lingual

5) Hypoxic injury in a cell is distinctive by

a) protein synthesis of the cell
b) production of ATP (dnt have other choices)

6) Attrition changes on the maxillary canine are seen on the

a) Cingulum?
b) Mesial marginal ridge
c) Distal marginal ridge
d) Lingual ridge

7) Most perpendicular tooth is
a) Max Canine
b) Max premolar
c) Mand premolar
d) Molar

8) Something like which area is anesthetized by GA
a) Cerebellum
b) Cerebrum
c) Limbic system
d) Medulla

9)What passes thro the pterygopalatine fossa and posterior to the maxillary tuberosity ?
greater nd lesser palatine nerve nd vessels


10) Entry of sodium and water along the proximal tube causes
a) Amounts to 95% of the contents being reabsorbed ?
b) Results Increases osmolality
c) Occurs against resistance

11) Osmolarity is highest in

a) Inner layer of medulla
b) Outer layer of medulla
c) Renal papilla
d) Cortex

 

[quest_life]

Thank you Shunty man !

2) IgG is saliva is produced by ?
gingival crevicular fluid

I would like to know the cell type producing this ?

I have few more qns :

Blood pressure is lowest in the capillaries due to the fact that
a) the total cross sectional area of the capillaries is greater than any other in the circulatory system
b) capillaries are so minute

Face bow transfer helps to relate

a) mandibular with max cast
b) mandible with terminal hinge axis
c) mandible with vertical height
Can you please explain this?

According to principles of Curve of Wilson , what maxillary root position is essential
a) Lingual
b) Distal
c) Mesial
d) Facial

Chorda tympani supplies which fibers to parotid gland
a)sympathetic,
b)parasympathetic
c),cholinergic,
d) adrenergic

 

[shuntyman]

Blood pressure is lowest in the capillaries due to the fact that
a) the total cross sectional area of the capillaries is greater than any other in the circulatory system b) capillaries are so minute

Face bow transfer helps to relate

a) mandibular with max cast b) mandible with terminal hinge axis
c) mandible with vertical height

According to principles of Curve of Wilson , what maxillary root position is essential
a) Lingual
b) Distal
c) Mesial
d) Facial

Chorda tympani supplies which fibers to parotid gland
a)sympathetic,
b)parasympathetic
c),cholinergic,
d) adrenergic

 

[passiondentistr]

Blood pressure is lowest in the capillaries due to the fact that
a) the total cross sectional area of the capillaries is greater than any other in the circulatory system b) capillaries are so minute

Face bow transfer helps to relate

a) mandibular with max cast b) mandible with terminal hinge axis
c) mandible with vertical height

basically Facebow is used to calculate the relationship between the tmj n the jaw.
correct m if wrong

 

[passiondentistr]

6) Attrition changes on the maxillary canine are seen on the

a) Cingulum?
b) Mesial marginal ridge
c) Distal marginal ridge
d) Lingual ridge
hey r u sure abt this ??

 

[porcelain258]

6) Attrition changes on the maxillary canine are seen on the

a) Cingulum?
b) Mesial marginal ridge
c) Distal marginal ridge
d) Lingual ridge
hey r u sure abt this ??

i think the ans. shd be distal marginal ridge
and most perpendicular tooth is max. premolar

 

[impaction]

1) What Is Medial To Medial Pterygoid Muscle ?
nerve To Mylohoid, Which Is Present In The Mylohoid Groove

2) Igg Is Saliva Is Produced By ?
plasma Cells,
Cervical Fluid Cannot Produce Igg

3) Keratinised Epithelium In Relation To Mandibular First Premolar Is Seen On

A) Attached Gingival
B) Free Gingival
C) Junctional Epithelium
D) Sulcular Epithelium


4) Deepest And Circular Fossa Found On The Mandibular Teeth Is

A) Mesial ----> Triangular
B) Central......> Oval/circular
C) Distal -----> Triangular
D) Lingual..???

5) Hypoxic Injury In A Cell Is Distinctive By

A) Protein Synthesis Of The Cell
B) Production Of Atp (dnt Have Other Choices)
in Hypoxix Injury
loss Of O2----------> No Atp Synthesis -------> Ribososme Detatchment From Er----------> No Protein Synthesis

6) Attrition Changes On The Maxillary Canine Are Seen On The

A) Cingulum?
B) Mesial Marginal Ridge
C) distal Marginal Ridge
D) Lingual Ridge

7) Most Perpendicular Tooth Is
A) Max Canine
B) Max Premolar
C) Mand Premolar
D) Molar

8) Something Like Which Area Is Anesthetized By Ga
A) Cerebellum
B) Cerebrum
C) Limbic System
D) Medulla

9)what Passes Thro The Pterygopalatine Fossa And Posterior To The Maxillary Tuberosity ?

10) Entry Of Sodium And Water Along The Proximal Tube Causes
a) Amounts To 95% Of The Contents Being Reabsorbed ?
B) Results Increases Osmolality >>>>>>>> even The Water Is Reabsorbed
C) Occurs Against Resistance

11) Osmolarity Is Highest In

a) Inner Layer Of Medulla
B) Outer Layer Of Medulla
C) Renal Papilla
D) Cortex

 

[shuntyman]

) Attrition Changes On The Maxillary Canine Are Seen On The

A) Cingulum?
B) Mesial Marginal Ridge
C) distal Marginal Ridge
D) Lingual Ridge

impaction, can u pls explain above answer.

 

[njsmahal]

had a little doubt. lateral pterygoid is responsible for side to side movement as seen in bruxism so shouldnt it be the lateral pterygoid which shows hypertropy?

 

[porcelain258]

had a little doubt. lateral pterygoid is responsible for side to side movement as seen in bruxism so shouldnt it be the lateral pterygoid which shows hypertropy?

the principle muscle responsible 4 bruxism r the elevators of mandible and the masseter is the strongest elevator of mandible

 

[porcelain258]

) Attrition Changes On The Maxillary Canine Are Seen On The

A) Cingulum?
B) Mesial Marginal Ridge
C) distal Marginal Ridge
D) Lingual Ridge

impaction, can u pls explain above answer.

DMR in maxillary canine is longer than MMR

 

[Catfish]

7) Most perpendicular tooth is
a) Max Canine
b) Max premolar
c) Mand premolar
d) Molar


Shouldn't this be one of the Premolars? I think the decks, or maybe one of the released exams said premolars are the most perpendicular teeth in the arch. But maybe Max is more so than Man PM? because mandibular's lingual tilt?

 

[dentindi]

Damage to which artery leads to loss of vision
a. cicle of willis
b. internal carotid
c. vertebral artery

When upper and lower canines contact what is the position of disc and condyle???