Personally, as a radiation oncologist, I would not recommend proton therapy for NSCLC outside a clinical trial setting until a clinical benefit is demonstrated in a prospective randomized study.
Is there a future for proton therapy? The results from Liao and colleagues
1 suggest a dismal future in locally advanced NSCLC because the PSPT arm with significantly less lung volume receiving lower doses as well as significantly better dosimetry to the heart and esophagus did not lead to less lung toxicity or better survival (numerically higher rates of lung toxicity and shorter median survival instead). Although negative results from a phase II study in NSCLC cannot exclude the potential benefit of proton therapy in other clinical situations, such as for pediatric patients, and the cost of proton therapy will be significantly reduced by newer technological changes, this trial should at least cause some pause in hospitals that are building these facilities for competitive reasons and not for cost-effectiveness reasons. We should also learn from the experience of the Scripps Proton Therapy Center in San Diego, California, a center that cost $165 million that started operations in 2011 and then filed for bankruptcy on March 1, 2017.