Thanks, this helps a lot!
You mentioned that in the fourth year, you work a lot with attendings, which helps with LORs. But doesn't the residency application process start in the beginning of the 4th year? Do 4th years still have enough time to interact with those attendings to get solid LORs by the time of the application process?
That also brings me to my next question. Other than the Dean's Letter, what other LORs are we required to get for residency apps? Do you get letters from the professors from the first two years or from the attendings of clinical rotations or both? Which ones count more?
Also, do med students get the chance to help with writing case reviews?
Thanks again for doing this!
Ok, so re: your last question (case reviews) the short answer is yes. I've seen it happen and I've been offered the chance to do it a couple of times.
Your other questions: Applications are generally due in early September. Like in med school, the earlier the better though I'd argue it's not quite as stringent because letter writers are often late, USMLE transcripts take a while, dean's letters come in later...so you have a little more wiggle room before you're "late". Either way, some schools start their fourth year early- say April or something- in order to allow enough time for you to get letters as a sub-i and not have to rely on 3rd year letters (as I said, it's just harder to get to know attendings well enough to get a good letter at that point- not that it's not done, I did have a 3rd year letter, but often those tend to be a bit more vague). Other schools, mine included, starts 4th year in July, which is the more traditional route. This way you have July and August to get a letter, and I also had a couple of September attendings send one although I suspect most places didn't get to read them because they came in mid-October and I was knee-deep in the interview process at that point. I will say too that it depends on the specialty. This may be too detailed for you guys to worry about at this point, but some specialties start interviewing later than others- for example, plastics, ortho and derm don't really start until mid-November/ December while others start in early October. So if you go into plastics for example, where you need a couple of away rotations in order to apply, you have a little more time to get your letters together.
As for letters: this also depends on the specialty. Generally you want 1-2 (preferably 2) in the specialty of your choice, one from a relative bigwig like the clerkship director, the program director or the chairman of the department. That's sort of the official nod from the department at your school that you're being recommended for that specialty, and I believe this usually includes some sort of language comparing you to all other applicants from that school. The other can be another attending you worked with. As for extra letters (usually most people will have either 3 or 4), these can come from away rotations or from other specialties. You can have your research mentor, your academic advisor, or whomever write you one- but make sure your other letters cover your clinical abilities enough so that having one letter that doesn't talk about your clinical skills at all is ok. Otherwise, use the same judgment you'd use for med school admissions. If you worked with a research person for 3 years, it's probably a bit weird not to have a word from him/her. If you're going into a surgical subspecialty, maybe you want to have a letter from general surgery as well. That kind of thing.
Given what you know now as opposed to what you thought as a pre-med, what do you think the most important things are to look for in a medical school?
ie a lot of pre-meds are gung ho about early patient interaction, but med students often say that it's useless until you actually know some medicine.
I do think early patient interaction is basically useless, and honestly often just straight up awkward cause you don't know what you're looking at, listening to, or doing. Attendings don't exactly know how to tailor their teaching to your level most of the time, so they expect you to just absorb, but I don't find that very useful from a learning standpoint. There is no difference between shadowing as a premed and shadowing as a med student.
That being said, I looked for it too when I was applying and I do think that if I'd had no patient interaction whatsoever until third year, I would have felt a little cheated. I think it's your job as the student to ask questions of the attending about technique- everything from history taking to physical exam maneuvers- so they know how to help you. I had a truly terrible shadowing experience in my first year doing ophthalmology because the attending ignored me the whole time and I didn't understand a word and couldn't see what he was seeing. I learned nothing. I would have benefitted far more from doing something like surgery, which is more anatomical, or something basic like general internal medicine, where I could learn something from scratch.
Honestly I'm not sure exactly what I'd look for, but one thing that I realized this year is how fortunate I was to be at my school. I didn't really enjoy most of first and second year, and third year was really hard, but I didn't realize quite how good my hospital is until I started traveling and seeing other ones. Unfortunately the main thing I'm lucky for, I sort of stumbled into- the specialty I'm going into is extremely strong here, arguably top 3-5 in the country. I didn't know this was what I'd do, so I didn't plan for it, but it was extremely fortunate for me because every interview I go to, someone mentions my chairman and is impressed by the fact that his name is on my letter. That kind of thing is just huge. As I said, you can't really plan for that- however, I'd caution you against spending too much time worrying about the details of curricula among different schools because it really doesn't make much of a difference in the end. Your pre-clinical grades are basically irrelevant, and most of your Step 1 score will depend on you and how much time you have to study for it. Focus on the reputation of the hospital- is it well-regarded? Are the 3rd and 4th years happy, treated well on the wards, and taught a lot? If you can find upperclassmen on your interview day, those are the people to talk to. We may not know about the fancy new curriculum, but we can tell you about what really matters when you're applying for a job.