biochemistry and physiology quest

[econservative]

Q: In the resting state in the man , The average differance between the oxygen content of Arterial and venous blood is?
please give reasons to support your answer

Q:The absorption of calcuim from the intestine is increased by
1. The ingestion of fat
2. a high phosphate intake
3.Administration of vitamin A
4.Lowering pH in intestine
5.Administration of parathyroid hormone

please give reasons to support your answer

Q: Recruitement with respect to motor neuron refers to ?

Q:Which of the following is not a method of regulating enzyme activity ?
1. allosterism
2.zymogen activation
3. competitive inhibition
4.Induction and repression

Q: Augumented flow from the gall bladder during feeding results in part from
1.A condition reflex
2.the release of enterocrinin
3.the release of cholecystokinin
4.A reflex by way of splanchnic nerve
5.the stimulatory effect of bile salts by the way of enterohepatic circulation

please explain what is the augumented flow ..

Q:The haemodynamics of flow in the tooth pulp are most likely analogus to those in the ? how
1. heart
2. lungs
3. cranium
4. liver
5. gut

Q:what is the subliminal fringe of motor neuron ?
Please explain these terms too
Q: direct inhibiton
Q: reciprocal inervation
Q: central facilitation
Q: momsynaptic conduction
******************************************************
Q: The best criterion for the effectiveness of breathing is
1. tidal volume
2. minute volume
3. rate of respiration
4. alveolar ventilation
5. a careful measurement of the dead space

Q:The effect on basal heart rate of cutting succesively the vagus and the sympathetic nerves in an animal reveals
1. predomianance of vagal over sympathetic innervation in determining heart rate
2. predominance of sympathetic over vagal innnervation in determining heart rate
3. that effects of the vagus and sympathetic on heart rate are equal and opposite
4. none of the above

Q: Other factors being equal, one should expect N20-02 sedation to be induced more slowly than normal in a person having a
1. tidal volume larger than normal
2. vital capacity smaller than normal
3. residual volume smaller than normal
4. functional residual capacity larger than normal
5. None of the above.

Q; Which of the following process is most important in preventing a decrease of more than 0.2 units in the pH of blood when CO2 enters:
1. Urea formation following amino acid deamination
2. NH4+ formation in the Kidney
3. Formation of teh Ketone bodies
4. Excretion of acidic urine
5. Conversion of HbO2 to Hb.

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[impaction]

these are tough ones, i dont have reasoning for these,
can anybody explain these.

Q: In the resting state in the man , The average differance between the oxygen content of Arterial and venous blood is?
please give reasons to support your answer

Q:The absorption of calcuim from the intestine is increased by
1. The ingestion of fat
2. a high phosphate intake
3.Administration of vitamin A
4.Lowering pH in intestine
5.Administration of parathyroid hormone

please give reasons to support your answer

Q: Recruitement with respect to motor neuron refers to ?

Q:Which of the following is not a method of regulating enzyme activity ?
1. allosterism
2.zymogen activation
3. competitive inhibition
4.Induction and repression

Q: Augumented flow from the gall bladder during feeding results in part from
1.A condition reflex
2.the release of enterocrinin
3.the release of cholecystokinin
4.A reflex by way of splanchnic nerve
5.the stimulatory effect of bile salts by the way of enterohepatic circulation

please explain what is the augumented flow ..

Q:The haemodynamics of flow in the tooth pulp are most likely analogus to those in the ? how
1. heart
2. lungs
3. cranium
4. liver
5. gut

Q:what is the subliminal fringe of motor neuron ?
Please explain these terms too
Q: direct inhibiton
Q: reciprocal inervation
Q: central facilitation
Q: momsynaptic conduction
******************************************************
Q: The best criterion for the effectiveness of breathing is
1. tidal volume
2. minute volume
3. rate of respiration
4. alveolar ventilation
5. a careful measurement of the dead space

Q:The effect on basal heart rate of cutting succesively the vagus and the sympathetic nerves in an animal reveals
1. predomianance of vagal over sympathetic innervation in determining heart rate
2. predominance of sympathetic over vagal innnervation in determining heart rate
3. that effects of the vagus and sympathetic on heart rate are equal and opposite
4. none of the above

Q: Other factors being equal, one should expect N20-02 sedation to be induced more slowly than normal in a person having a
1. tidal volume larger than normal
2. vital capacity smaller than normal
3. residual volume smaller than normal
4. functional residual capacity larger than normal
5. None of the above.

Q; Which of the following process is most important in preventing a decrease of more than 0.2 units in the pH of blood when CO2 enters:
1. Urea formation following amino acid deamination
2. NH4+ formation in the Kidney
3. Formation of teh Ketone bodies
4. Excretion of acidic urine
5. Conversion of HbO2 to Hb.

 

[doc76]

Q: In the resting state in the man , The average differance between the oxygen content of Arterial and venous blood is?
please give reasons to support your answer

Q:The absorption of calcuim from the intestine is increased by
1. The ingestion of fat
2. a high phosphate intake
3.Administration of vitamin A
4.Lowering pH in intestine
5.Administration of parathyroid hormone

please give reasons to support your answer

Q: Recruitement with respect to motor neuron refers to ?

Q:Which of the following is not a method of regulating enzyme activity ?
1. allosterism
2.zymogen activation
3. competitive inhibition
4.Induction and repression

Q: Augumented flow from the gall bladder during feeding results in part from
1.A condition reflex
2.the release of enterocrinin
3.the release of cholecystokinin
4.A reflex by way of splanchnic nerve
5.the stimulatory effect of bile salts by the way of enterohepatic circulation

please explain what is the augumented flow ..

Q:The haemodynamics of flow in the tooth pulp are most likely analogus to those in the ? how
1. heart
2. lungs
3. cranium
4. liver
5. gut

Q:what is the subliminal fringe of motor neuron ?
Please explain these terms too
Q: direct inhibiton
Q: reciprocal inervation
Q: central facilitation
Q: momsynaptic conduction
******************************************************
Q: The best criterion for the effectiveness of breathing is
1. tidal volume
2. minute volume
3. rate of respiration
4. alveolar ventilation
5. a careful measurement of the dead space

Q:The effect on basal heart rate of cutting succesively the vagus and the sympathetic nerves in an animal reveals
1. predomianance of vagal over sympathetic innervation in determining heart rate
2. predominance of sympathetic over vagal innnervation in determining heart rate
3. that effects of the vagus and sympathetic on heart rate are equal and opposite
4. none of the above

Q: Other factors being equal, one should expect N20-02 sedation to be induced more slowly than normal in a person having a
1. tidal volume larger than normal
2. vital capacity smaller than normal
3. residual volume smaller than normal
4. functional residual capacity larger than normal
5. None of the above.

Q; Which of the following process is most important in preventing a decrease of more than 0.2 units in the pH of blood when CO2 enters:
1. Urea formation following amino acid deamination
2. NH4+ formation in the Kidney
3. Formation of teh Ketone bodies
4. Excretion of acidic urine
5. Conversion of HbO2 to Hb.

absorption of the ca from intestine is increased by administration of parathyroid harmone
ca ion absorption occur in the proximal small intestine and is inc. by vitamin D3 which stimulate synthesis of ca ion binding protein. parathyroid harmone activate vitamin D toD3 .in kidney resulting in more conversion when blood ca levels are low hope this helps
i am trying to find other ans as well

 

[econservative]

hi.. guys as many as 156 people saw this link but only one answered i am sure 95 % of you know the answer please enlighten me too with your valuable answers and explainations. Please give these answer and explaination even if you think they are too easy for you ..as it can help me ..

thanxs in advance

 

[shuntyman]

Q: In the resting state in the man , The average differance between the oxygen content of Arterial and venous blood is?
please give reasons to support your answer

5 volumes percent


Q:The absorption of calcuim from the intestine is increased by
1. The ingestion of fat
2. a high phosphate intake
3.Administration of vitamin A
4.Lowering pH in intestine - hcl
5.Administration of parathyroid hormone

please give reasons to support your answer

Q: Recruitement with respect to motor neuron refers to ?

Q:Which of the following is not a method of regulating enzyme activity ?
1. allosterism
2.zymogen activation
3. competitive inhibition
4.Induction and repression

Q: Augumented flow from the gall bladder during feeding results in part from
1.A condition reflex
2.the release of enterocrinin
3.the release of cholecystokinin
4.A reflex by way of splanchnic nerve
5.the stimulatory effect of bile salts by the way of enterohepatic circulation

please explain what is the augumented flow ..

Q:The haemodynamics of flow in the tooth pulp are most likely analogus to those in the ? how
1. heart
2. lungs
3. cranium
4. liver
5. gut

Q:what is the subliminal fringe of motor neuron ?
Subliminal fringe
Subthreshold activation of motor neurones.
eg lock hands together and pull apart
test the knee jerk reflex before and after
increased response


Q: The best criterion for the effectiveness of breathing is
1. tidal volume
2. minute volume
3. rate of respiration
4. alveolar ventilation
5. a careful measurement of the dead space

Q:The effect on basal heart rate of cutting succesively the vagus and the sympathetic nerves in an animal reveals
1. predomianance of vagal over sympathetic innervation in determining heart rate
2. predominance of sympathetic over vagal innnervation in determining heart rate
3. that effects of the vagus and sympathetic on heart rate are equal and opposite
4. none of the above

Q: Other factors being equal, one should expect N20-02 sedation to be induced more slowly than normal in a person having a
1. tidal volume larger than normal
2. vital capacity smaller than normal
3. residual volume smaller than normal
4. functional residual capacity larger than normal
5. None of the above.

Q; Which of the following process is most important in preventing a decrease of more than 0.2 units in the pH of blood when CO2 enters:
1. Urea formation following amino acid deamination
2. NH4+ formation in the Kidney
3. Formation of teh Ketone bodies
4. Excretion of acidic urine
5. Conversion of HbO2 to Hb

 

[I'mFillingFine]

Q: Recruitement with respect to motor neuron refers to ?

Q:Which of the following is not a method of regulating enzyme activity ?
1. allosterism
2.zymogen activation...I'd guess this because you can activate as many as you want without regulating other enzymes (of course, in the case of trypsin, it can activate all the other pancreatic enzymes, but I don't think that's what they're talking about here)
3. competitive inhibition
4.Induction and repression

Q: Augumented flow from the gall bladder during feeding results in part from
1.A condition reflex
2.the release of enterocrinin
3.the release of cholecystokinin
4.A reflex by way of splanchnic nerve
5.the stimulatory effect of bile salts by the way of enterohepatic circulation

please explain what is the augumented flow ..augmented = more

Q:The haemodynamics of flow in the tooth pulp are most likely analogus to those in the ? how
1. heart
2. lungs
3. cranium (seen this ? before)
4. liver
5. gut

.

 

[impaction]

.

Which of the following is not a method of regulating enzyme activity
Induction and repression


dnt know why?
but i beleive the answer but the anwer should be zymogen activity

 

[econservative]

can anyone here explain the answers with the explanation

thanxs in advance

 

[Ibanez]

Q: In the resting state in the man , The average differance between the oxygen content of Arterial and venous blood is?

Stop doing USMLE Qs if your concepts aren't clear enough. I don't think NBDE Part 1 scope is that deep, even if it was asked in NBDEs you can manage to guess/skip... I guess only less than 1% candidates will answer it correctly.

Around 5ml/dl.

Max oxygen carrying capacity = 1.34 ml O2/gm Hb (Hufner's Constant)

O2 bound to Hb = Max capacity X Hb conc X (Percent-saturation X 0.01)

0.01 is the correction for "percent".

O2 bound to Hb; for arterial blood = (1.34 X 15 X 100 X 0.01)
= 20.1 ml/dl

Dissolved O2 in blood = 0.003 ml/mm Hg
O2 content of ARTERIAL blood/dl = (Bound-to-Hb) + (Dissolved-in-blood)
= 20.1 + (0.003 X 100)
= 20.4 ml

O2 bound to Hb; for venous blood = (1.34 x 15 x 75 x .01)
= 15.2ml/dl

O2 content of VENOUS blood = 15.2 + (0.003 X 75)
=15.3

Difference of Arterial and Venous= (20.4 - 15.3) ml/dl
= 5ml/dl.

Q:The absorption of calcuim from the intestine is increased by
1. The ingestion of fat
2. a high phosphate intake
3.Administration of vitamin A
4.Lowering pH in intestine
5.Administration of parathyroid hormone


READ PHYSIOLOGY! Don't, just, SHOOT Qs.


First, third options are bogus.
High Phosphate will decrease free Ca++. Slowing the absorbtion.
Fourth option; Lowering pH---> Increased H+ in the intestine---> Increased Ca++ intracellular (Ca+ H+ exchange transport)---> Decreased Absorbtion of Ca++ from intestinal lumen (because there's already increase in Ca++ INSIDE THE CELL)



Q: Recruitement with respect to motor neuron refers to ?

MORE THE NUMBER OF MOTOR NEURONS STIMULATED; MORE THE DEGREE OF CONTRACTION. More neurons are recruited for stronger contraction.

Q:Which of the following is not a method of regulating enzyme activity ?
1. allosterism
2.zymogen activation
3. competitive inhibition
4.Induction and repression

INDUCTION AND REPRESSION "effect" the SYNTHESIS OF ENZYME (PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; like, TOTALLY.\)
If the enzyme is already present in a medium it will NOT AFFECT THE ACTIVITY.

Q: Augumented flow from the gall bladder during feeding results in part from
1.A condition reflex
2.the release of enterocrinin
3.the release of cholecystokinin
4.A reflex by way of splanchnic nerve
5.the stimulatory effect of bile salts by the way of enterohepatic circulation

please explain what is the augumented flow .. Already explained above; to augment is to increase.

Q:The haemodynamics of flow in the tooth pulp are most likely analogus to those in the ? how
1. heart
2. lungs
3. cranium
4. liver
5. gut

Blood vessels (+ connective tissue) bounded by HARD TISSUE.

Q:what is the subliminal fringe of motor neuron ?

Firing of neuron below threshold (sub=below), these neurons are in the state of "excitement" but do not fire action potential.

When a wave of depolarization reaches such subliminal-ly fringe-d neurons, muscle-contration occurs fastly... as less time is taken for the neurons to reach the threshold (already "excite-d"; a little push and work done) and therefore speeds up the nerve conduction and it reaches NM Junc. quickly. (As in "Reflex-es" pathway)



Q: direct inhibiton
Q: reciprocal inervation
Q: central facilitation, (facilitates the "already-active" wave of depolarization)
Q: "MONO"synaptic conduction (I won't trade my mom for a synapse)
******************************************************

Q: The best criterion for the effectiveness of breathing is
1. tidal volume
2. minute volume
3. rate of respiration
4. alveolar ventilation
5. a careful measurement of the dead space

MINUTE VENTILATION/VOLUME.

Respiration has two components: MECHANICAL BREATHING and GAS EXCHANGE.

Alveolar ventilation is the BEST CRITERION for measuring the EFFECTIVENESS OF RESPIRATORY EXCHANGE/GAS EXCHANGE/ RESPIRATION.
Minute Ventilation/Volume is the BEST CRITERION for measuring effectiveness of "BREATHING" (Mechanical !).

Not sure, though. It can be alveolar? I'll ask my brother and let all know.

Q:The effect on basal heart rate of cutting succesively the vagus and the sympathetic nerves in an animal reveals
1. predomianance of vagal over sympathetic innervation in determining heart rate
2. predominance of sympathetic over vagal innnervation in determining heart rate
3. that effects of the vagus and sympathetic on heart rate are equal and opposite
4. none of the above

Its given in AK Jain... but I don't have the book right now.

Q: Other factors being equal, one should expect N20-02 sedation to be induced more slowly than normal in a person having a
1. tidal volume larger than normal
2. vital capacity smaller than normal
3. residual volume smaller than normal
4. functional residual capacity larger than normal
5. None of the above.

Increase-d FRC means there is "Air-trapping" (less volume of air is expired from lungs and is trapped in lung parenchyma). This air-trapping will dilute the N2O-O2 mixture and slow the induction. (Obstructive disease; Second Gas effect).

Q; Which of the following process is most important in preventing a decrease of more than 0.2 units in the pH of blood when CO2 enters:
1. Urea formation following amino acid deamination
2. NH4+ formation in the Kidney
3. Formation of teh Ketone bodies
4. Excretion of acidic urine
5. Conversion of HbO2 to Hb.

Increase in CO2 (PCO2/Acidosis) will result in down-loading of O2 into tissues. The Hb-affinity of O2 decreases and the curve shifts to right. Conversion of HbO2 to Hb. Predominant buffer-ing, here.

Renal compensation, by formation of NH4+ or increased H+ secretion, takes time for action.

I hope you're satisfied now!

Mayank.

PS There goes my precious-little-time.
PSS I'm done with answering Qs on SDN.
PSSS DO NOT DISTURB MODE!
PSSSS I'll NOT ANSWER ANY Qs FROM NOW, till 9th June. :|

 

[shuntyman]

very good explained......... but these aint usmle stuff , its nbde......... these question r from released papers........

and for

Q: The best criterion for the effectiveness of breathing is
1. tidal volume
2. minute volume
3. rate of respiration
4. alveolar ventilation
5. a careful measurement of the dead space

answer is alveolar ventilation.

 

[econservative]

thanxs a lot mayank
For detailed answers.. b/w these questions are from released papers and these question were to confirm the answer so i asked the reasons for the same for eg ,the question in papers Q:The absorption of calcuim from the intestine is increased by
1. The ingestion of fat
2. a high phosphate intake
3.Administration of vitamin A
4.Lowering pH in intestine
5.Administration of parathyroid hormone

Ans given was: lowering pH in intestine which according to me was wrong so i decided to discuss on sdn.. thats why few silly question of basics were there rest thanxs again for answering

 

[Ibanez]

very good explained......... but these aint usmle stuff , its nbde......... these question r from released papers........

and for

Q: The best criterion for the effectiveness of breathing is
1. tidal volume
2. minute volume
3. rate of respiration
4. alveolar ventilation
5. a careful measurement of the dead space

answer is alveolar ventilation.

NBDE is getting tougher then, I guess!

I seriously despise the question-makers for using such wobbling Qs in the exam... I know some Qs which are wrong/doubtful/beyond the scope of EVEN specialists; both Medical and dental (I happen to know the SUPER-GENIUS-ES in both fields and many sub-fields!)... Anything that we can do?

Wait till I make my way into ASDA/ADA (only after I get into a dental school ) and Question the Q-makers!

"Some-buddy gonna get a hurt real badd."

Well I know its Alveolar Ventilation, since its a "correction" of minute ventilation (it takes into account that dead space doesn't participate in the gas exchange and only maintains the patency of airway), but something "inside-of-me" says, "Minute Ventilation" since MECHANICAL BREATHING AND GAS EXCHANGE ARE TWO DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF RESPIRATION.

Mayank.

 

[Ibanez]

thanxs a lot mayank
For detailed answers.. b/w these questions are from released papers and these question were to confirm the answer so i asked the reasons for the same for eg ,the question in papers Q:The absorption of calcuim from the intestine is increased by
1. The ingestion of fat
2. a high phosphate intake
3.Administration of vitamin A
4.Lowering pH in intestine
5.Administration of parathyroid hormone

Ans given was: lowering pH in intestine which according to me was wrong so i decided to discuss on sdn.. thats why few silly question of basics were there rest thanxs again for answering

Can you, please, give the answers given in the key for these Qs?

Mayank.

 

[shuntyman]

http://www.healingwithnutrition.com/odisease/osteoporosis/calcium_estrogen.html#A4

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Effective calcium absorption begins in the stomach. If the stomach produces too little stomach acid (hydrochloric acid), calcium remains insoluble and cannot be ionized, which is necessary for it to be assimilated in the intestines. Ionization is the process where an atom changes its structure so that it can combine with other elements. This is why chelated calcium, like many other chelates, is much more absorbable: the decreased pH helps ionic bonding which is necessary for intestinal uptake..........................
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The proper level of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is so important that its lack in the digestive process can account for as much as 80 percent loss of available calcium absorption. Studies show stomach acid secretion decreases with age, and, "up to 40 percent of post-menopausal women may be severely deficient in this natural stomach acid," writes Dr. Joseph Pizzorno in the recent best selling book, "Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine."..........................
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Factors leading to reduced stomach acid include a diet of over-cooked, over-processed, lifeless foods which no longer contain naturally occurring enzyme activity, as well as the excess consumption of antacid medications. Any nutritional program that wishes to properly address osteoporosis and other conditions caused by a lack of calcium and calcium absorption MUST include supplements which provide for the adequate replacement of lost stomach acid............................
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Other factors that might adversely affect calcium absorption would include:............................

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Poor intestinal health such as those suffering from Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis experience.
  
  .[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif] Mineral imbalance with phosphorus such as might be caused by an over consumption of high phosphorus foods like meats, processed snack foods and especially carbonated soft drinks which contain phosphoric acid.
  
  .[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Caffeine, which can bind with calcium and through its natural diuretic action, increase the excretion of many minerals. This diuretic action would also be a result of excess alcohol consumption.
  ...............................

 

[Ibanez]

http://www.healingwithnutrition.com/odisease/osteoporosis/calcium_estrogen.html#A4

[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Effective calcium absorption begins in the stomach. If the stomach produces too little stomach acid (hydrochloric acid), calcium remains insoluble and cannot be ionized, which is necessary for it to be assimilated in the intestines. Ionization is the process where an atom changes its structure so that it can combine with other elements. This is why chelated calcium, like many other chelates, is much more absorbable: the decreased pH helps ionic bonding which is necessary for intestinal uptake..........................
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]The proper level of hydrochloric acid in the stomach is so important that its lack in the digestive process can account for as much as 80 percent loss of available calcium absorption. Studies show stomach acid secretion decreases with age, and, "up to 40 percent of post-menopausal women may be severely deficient in this natural stomach acid," writes Dr. Joseph Pizzorno in the recent best selling book, "Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine."..........................
[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Factors leading to reduced stomach acid include a diet of over-cooked, over-processed, lifeless foods which no longer contain naturally occurring enzyme activity, as well as the excess consumption of antacid medications. Any nutritional program that wishes to properly address osteoporosis and other conditions caused by a lack of calcium and calcium absorption MUST include supplements which provide for the adequate replacement of lost stomach acid............................






[FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Other factors that might adversely affect calcium absorption would include:............................

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]
• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Poor intestinal health such as those suffering from Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome and ulcerative colitis experience..............................

• [FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]
  
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  [*][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Mineral imbalance with phosphorus such as might be caused by an over consumption of high phosphorus foods like meats, processed snack foods and especially carbonated soft drinks which contain phosphoric acid...
  
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  [*][FONT=Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif]Caffeine, which can bind with calcium and through its natural diuretic action, increase the excretion of many minerals. This diuretic action would also be a result of excess alcohol consumption................................

This is true for STOMACH (your cut-copy-paste study). In intestine where Ca++ absorption occurs, alkaline pH is favorable.

There's an inverse relationship between Ca++ and H+ due to "Ca+ - H+ Exchange transport". (present in intestine/endothelium? but NOT in the LUMEN OF STOMACH)

(INCREASING THE pH; and not lowering)
Little acid --> Less H+ in the Lumen --> More INSIDE the cell --> Less Ca++ inside the cell;

Now ingestion of Ca++ will result in increase Ca++ in Lumen --> can be transported INSIDE the cell (due to a formation of gradient) --> MORE ABSORPTION OF Ca++.

Lowering the pH in the intestine will DECREASE THE ABSORPTION.

Mayank.

PS The Q says "lowering the pH of INTESTINE".
PSS Gastric acid ionizes the calcium salts... The IONS participate in ion exchange in the INTESTINE.
PSSS You can mess with the salts but you can't mess up with IONS.

 

[Ibanez]

thanxs a lot mayank
For detailed answers.. b/w these questions are from released papers and these question were to confirm the answer so i asked the reasons for the same for eg ,the question in papers Q:The absorption of calcuim from the intestine is increased by
1. The ingestion of fat
2. a high phosphate intake
3.Administration of vitamin A
4.Lowering pH in intestine
5.Administration of parathyroid hormone

Ans given was: lowering pH in intestine which according to me was wrong so i decided to discuss on sdn.. thats why few silly question of basics were there rest thanxs again for answering

Can you, PLEASE, give the answers given in the key?

 

[shuntyman]

the released paper answer says lowering the ph in the intestine......... may b the released papers answers may b rong .

 

[Ibanez]

the released paper answer says lowering the ph in the intestine......... may b the released papers answers may b rong .

I proved them wrong again, I've a dozen/more corrections to the released Qs... May be they should consider an "AUDIT".

A single typo is worth a MAGNA-TONNE-OF-FRUSTRATION.

Typo-s! (or may be they're dumb! Well that can't be true so I say, "Typos"!!!)


Mayank.

 

[simkarl]

This is true for STOMACH (your cut-copy-paste study). In intestine where Ca++ absorption occurs, alkaline pH is favorable.

There's an inverse relationship between Ca++ and H+ due to "Ca+ - H+ Exchange transport". (present in intestine/endothelium? but NOT in the LUMEN OF STOMACH)

(INCREASING THE pH; and not lowering)
Little acid --> Less H+ in the Lumen --> More INSIDE the cell --> Less Ca++ inside the cell;

Now ingestion of Ca++ will result in increase Ca++ in Lumen --> can be transported INSIDE the cell (due to a formation of gradient) --> MORE ABSORPTION OF Ca++.

Lowering the pH in the intestine will DECREASE THE ABSORPTION.

Mayank.

PS The Q says "lowering the pH of INTESTINE".
PSS Gastric acid ionizes the calcium salts... The IONS participate in ion exchange in the INTESTINE.
PSSS You can mess with the salts but you can't mess up with IONS.

please.. thanks for explanation but why will go so far ??
it's known that parathyroid hormone has the major control over calcium absorption.. by increasing Vitamin D that facilitate calcium absorption ..
what do you think guys. and thanks in advance..

 

[Ibanez]

please.. thanks for explanation but why will go so far ??
it's known that parathyroid hormone has the major control over calcium absorption.. by increasing Vitamin D that facilitate calcium absorption ..
what do you think guys. and thanks in advance..

To prove them who's the daddy!

I don't have to prove them (Mostly because I'm dumb and lazy), and I'm still a virgin (so technically I'm not! "Daddy", that is.)
Uno dos tres quatro cinco cinco seis... I'm the walking contradiction.

You don't have to dig deep into hundreds of books to pass the exam but science is not worth a skim-read or passing an exam, it has "more" to it.
You can pass an exam with a superficial dose of knowledge and can be successful too...

But at the end of the day, you've just wasted a lot of time. A lot of fortune.

With every second, the cost factor increases exponentially to the nth second henceforth. Well, to say, with every second that is wasted you lose a fortune... Spend your seconds wisely, and you shall be at infinity. Infinity will never be hypothetical again...

I should better stop with my philosophy, I'm just a hypocrite... Plain and simple! So, suit yourself.

Mayank.

PS I'm a hyperbolic disaster!