I am a book person myself. There is not a resource out there that tells you ONLY the minimum facts you need to know for the USMLE (except for first aid - which isn't readable when you are trying to learn stuff for the first time), but some resources come pretty close and are worth the read, if only to increase your understanding (and thereby allowing you to brute force memorize less).
For physiology: Costanzo's physiology - this is a fantastic text book; it is extremely well written and has very little superfluous information. Stand out chapters include the Renal/ Acid-Base, Pulmonary, GI, and endocrine chapters. I used part of the CV section as well, but this was one of the few times during my first 2 years where my school's lecture notes were worth using as a primary resource, so can't say too much about it. Some people will recommend BRS physiology instead - the content in BRS physio and Costanzo's physio have the exact same content! They are just delivered diferrently- BRS is purely in outline format and Costanzo's phys is entirely prose. I prefer prose, but choose whatever works for you.
For microbiology: MicroCards + Clinical Micro Made Ridiculously Simple; this is really all you need for Micro. However, they have changed the format of MicroCards recently so I can only vouch for the previous (I think 2nd?) edition.
For pathology: Robbins Basic Pathology; I know a lot of people avoid reading Robbins, but this text was pretty great. There is definitely some extra (that is, unnecessary) information, though - after using it a little while, you can quickly figure out which sections to skip/ skim/ thoroughly read.
For pharm: My weakest subject - I used different resources for different pharm sections. For some, I used lippincotts, others pharm recall, and still others the Trevor and Katzung. I would advise you to take a look at a couple of these sources and see what works best for you.
For the other course (biochem, genetics, epi, psych, I used a combo of lecture notes and selected sections of various texts - I really have no specific recs for these subjects).
Hope that helps!