i have no clue wat c3 c4 is, but i would consider the first set of words u listed to be fairly important
yes i would def take a serious look at photosynthesis and know where and to what the other words belong such as cotyledons,seed coat. and no clue about C3 and c4? are you talking about the C3 pathway?? in photosynthesis,, yeah i would know what happens in teh process
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do not have shaums, have cliffs though....do you have that?
i do need some help, kaplan just has the terms and 6 word definitions.
thanks 🙂
i dont think my plant info resource is that great, so any terms you may know are important, i can look them up myself later.... but just knowing them would help.
other things i see in cliffs that seem odd but maybe important..
cohesion tension theory, guard cells, palisade/spongy mesophyl, diff plant hormones in bold, HOW sugar is transported, adn a whole section on teh phytocrhomes (the specific ones adn their daily functions )
i do need some help, kaplan just has the terms and 6 word definitions.
thanks 🙂
i dont think my plant info resource is that great, so any terms you may know are important, i can look them up myself later.... but just knowing them would help.
other things i see in cliffs that seem odd but maybe important..
cohesion tension theory, guard cells, palisade/spongy mesophyl, diff plant hormones in bold, HOW sugar is transported, adn a whole section on teh phytocrhomes (the specific ones adn their daily functions )
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😳Oops. wasn't trying to be offensive. by do you care, i meant, do you care ... about this specifically for DAT purposes.
anything else i'm missing? No plant background, so i can't really pikc out words that i know and be like "oh thats familiar i should look at that again"....
like i can with some of the other bio stuff....
Im not too sure what you would need to know and not know since I havent taken the test.
But some terms/things I find important or from what Ive seen so far in practice material are...
chlorophyll structure (tetrapyrrole w/ Mg prosthetic group), photosynthesis obivously (such as P680, P700, cyclic vs. noncyclic electron flow, splitting of water, etc.), Calvin Cycle, C3 vs C4, CAM plants
As far as structure --> vascular bundles, cambium (xylem and phloem), apical and root meristems, root hairs, stomata and guard cells, turgor pressure
plant hormones--> abscisic acid, auxin, gibberellic acid, ethylene
theres probably other things that i missed. But from what I've read on this forum, DAT doesnt focus too much on plants...which is a shame cause theyre AWESOME.😀
But some terms/things I find important or from what Ive seen so far in practice material are...
chlorophyll structure (tetrapyrrole w/ Mg prosthetic group), photosynthesis obivously (such as P680, P700, cyclic vs. noncyclic electron flow, splitting of water, etc.), Calvin Cycle, C3 vs C4, CAM plants
As far as structure --> vascular bundles, cambium (xylem and phloem), apical and root meristems, root hairs, stomata and guard cells, turgor pressure
plant hormones--> abscisic acid, auxin, gibberellic acid, ethylene
theres probably other things that i missed. But from what I've read on this forum, DAT doesnt focus too much on plants...which is a shame cause theyre AWESOME.😀
i think you should definitely take a look at it. it is pretty important plant stuff...its boring as hell but u gotta get through so u dont get a plant question...just use cliffs thats what im doing and hoping it will be enough.
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Hey thanks so much. I would have never looked at some of that!!!
Can I make sure I understand? i dont know why but even when i read plant stuff, i feel like i'm reading calculus.
Mg binds to chrolophyl... to do someting.
I know its similar to Fe in hemoglobin? or maybe they are just the same type of complex.
P680 is PS2 but it happens first
P700 is PS1, and second
both absorb the e- that are energized by light
noncyclic:
there are electron transport systems
PS2 = 2e- energized
ETS 1 = e is used for ADP to ATP
PS1 = e back to ground state, energized again
ETS 2 is for NADP+ to NADPH
Then, the NADPH has the 2e.
Since the PS2 no longer has those e-, photolysis, the spliting of water, gives it two protons (while emitting o2)
This is light dependent.
In noncyclic, instead of going to NADPH, they go back to PS2. Reused for ATP.
Calvin Benson= fix CO2
thats all i know. Something about PGA and PGAL and RUB?
Does not directly use light, but needs light because needs energy from the other process to work.
C3 and C4, something about the fact that 02 can get into the cells which is bad. so c4 is more efficient than c3.
CAM no idea. i read it. all i got out of it was that it retains water better.
Xylem = water up
Phloem = sugar down
I am loooking at two pics of hte xylem and phloem
one shoes the xylem IN the phloem, and one next to it... which is right??
Apical = laterial
Cambium = girth + wood
Root hairs = dunno... something about getting water?
Stomata = open adn close for gas exchange = directs photosyn.
Guard cells = regulate stomata ( i think it acts like a body guard, if something good is trying to come in, it will open the stomata, if no one is / nothing helpful, then it closes)
Turgor Pressure = don't really understand this
Abscisic = stop growht
Gibberlin and Auxin = promote growth
Ethylene = ripen fruit
Vascular bundles is just the xylem and ploem...?
Can I make sure I understand? i dont know why but even when i read plant stuff, i feel like i'm reading calculus.
Mg binds to chrolophyl... to do someting.
I know its similar to Fe in hemoglobin? or maybe they are just the same type of complex.
P680 is PS2 but it happens first
P700 is PS1, and second
both absorb the e- that are energized by light
noncyclic:
there are electron transport systems
PS2 = 2e- energized
ETS 1 = e is used for ADP to ATP
PS1 = e back to ground state, energized again
ETS 2 is for NADP+ to NADPH
Then, the NADPH has the 2e.
Since the PS2 no longer has those e-, photolysis, the spliting of water, gives it two protons (while emitting o2)
This is light dependent.
In noncyclic, instead of going to NADPH, they go back to PS2. Reused for ATP.
Calvin Benson= fix CO2
thats all i know. Something about PGA and PGAL and RUB?
Does not directly use light, but needs light because needs energy from the other process to work.
C3 and C4, something about the fact that 02 can get into the cells which is bad. so c4 is more efficient than c3.
CAM no idea. i read it. all i got out of it was that it retains water better.
Xylem = water up
Phloem = sugar down
I am loooking at two pics of hte xylem and phloem
one shoes the xylem IN the phloem, and one next to it... which is right??
Apical = laterial
Cambium = girth + wood
Root hairs = dunno... something about getting water?
Stomata = open adn close for gas exchange = directs photosyn.
Guard cells = regulate stomata ( i think it acts like a body guard, if something good is trying to come in, it will open the stomata, if no one is / nothing helpful, then it closes)
Turgor Pressure = don't really understand this
Abscisic = stop growht
Gibberlin and Auxin = promote growth
Ethylene = ripen fruit
Vascular bundles is just the xylem and ploem...?
Mg binds to chrolophyl... to do someting. YES IT IS PART OF THE COMPLEX. LIKE IRON IS TO HEMOGLOBIN.
both absorb the e- that are energized by light SURE
Since the PS2 no longer has those e-, photolysis, the spliting of water, gives it two protons (while emitting o2) YES
In noncyclic, instead of going to NADPH, they go back to PS2. Reused for ATP. YES
Calvin Benson= fix CO2
thats all i know. Something about PGA and PGAL and RUB? PGAL IS AN INTERMEDIATE, PROBABLY NOT IMPORTANT FOR THE DAT RUB IS RUBISCO, YOU SHOULD KNOW IT IS AN ENZYME.
C3 and C4, something about the fact that 02 can get into the cells which is bad. so c4 is more efficient than c3. C3 AND C4 ARE HARD TO EXPLAIN.
CAM no idea. i read it. all i got out of it was that it retains water better. I THINK THAT IS ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW, BUT YOU NEVER KNOW, AGAIN HARD TO EXPLAIN
Xylem = water up
Phloem = sugar down YOU SHOULD KNOW THE SINKS AND WHAT NOT
I am loooking at two pics of hte xylem and phloem
one shoes the xylem IN the phloem, and one next to it... which is right?? DEPENDS ON MONOCOT OR DICOT.
Apical = laterial
Cambium = girth + wood
Root hairs = dunno... something about getting water? ROOT HAIRS CONSTANTLY DIE BUT NEW ONES IN A DEEPER ZONE ARE MADE
Stomata = open adn close for gas exchange = directs photosyn.
Guard cells = regulate stomata ( i think it acts like a body guard, if something good is trying to come in, it will open the stomata, if no one is / nothing helpful, then it closes) NO, NO IT OPENS TO LET WATER OUT SO WATER CAN RISE FROM ROOTS (DOESN'T MAKE SENSE, I KNOW BUT THAT IS WHAT CLIFFS SAID) AND ALSO TO EXCHANGE CO2 AND O2. LIKE USE THEY CAN'T CONTROL THE O2 THAT COMES IN WHEN THEY WANT CO2 INSTEAD.
Turgor Pressure = don't really understand this LIKE A WATER BED, YOU DON'T WANT IT TOO SOFT OR TOO HARD OR IT MIGHT EXPLODE.
Abscisic = stop growht
Gibberlin and Auxin = promote growth
Ethylene = ripen fruit THERE IS A FEW MORE, CAN'T REMEMBER
Vascular bundles is just the xylem and ploem...? ALSO CALLED STELE OR SOMETHING ELSE...
SORRY FOR WRITING IT THERE, HOPE IT HELPS....
both absorb the e- that are energized by light SURE
Since the PS2 no longer has those e-, photolysis, the spliting of water, gives it two protons (while emitting o2) YES
In noncyclic, instead of going to NADPH, they go back to PS2. Reused for ATP. YES
Calvin Benson= fix CO2
thats all i know. Something about PGA and PGAL and RUB? PGAL IS AN INTERMEDIATE, PROBABLY NOT IMPORTANT FOR THE DAT RUB IS RUBISCO, YOU SHOULD KNOW IT IS AN ENZYME.
C3 and C4, something about the fact that 02 can get into the cells which is bad. so c4 is more efficient than c3. C3 AND C4 ARE HARD TO EXPLAIN.
CAM no idea. i read it. all i got out of it was that it retains water better. I THINK THAT IS ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW, BUT YOU NEVER KNOW, AGAIN HARD TO EXPLAIN
Xylem = water up
Phloem = sugar down YOU SHOULD KNOW THE SINKS AND WHAT NOT
I am loooking at two pics of hte xylem and phloem
one shoes the xylem IN the phloem, and one next to it... which is right?? DEPENDS ON MONOCOT OR DICOT.
Apical = laterial
Cambium = girth + wood
Root hairs = dunno... something about getting water? ROOT HAIRS CONSTANTLY DIE BUT NEW ONES IN A DEEPER ZONE ARE MADE
Stomata = open adn close for gas exchange = directs photosyn.
Guard cells = regulate stomata ( i think it acts like a body guard, if something good is trying to come in, it will open the stomata, if no one is / nothing helpful, then it closes) NO, NO IT OPENS TO LET WATER OUT SO WATER CAN RISE FROM ROOTS (DOESN'T MAKE SENSE, I KNOW BUT THAT IS WHAT CLIFFS SAID) AND ALSO TO EXCHANGE CO2 AND O2. LIKE USE THEY CAN'T CONTROL THE O2 THAT COMES IN WHEN THEY WANT CO2 INSTEAD.
Turgor Pressure = don't really understand this LIKE A WATER BED, YOU DON'T WANT IT TOO SOFT OR TOO HARD OR IT MIGHT EXPLODE.
Abscisic = stop growht
Gibberlin and Auxin = promote growth
Ethylene = ripen fruit THERE IS A FEW MORE, CAN'T REMEMBER
Vascular bundles is just the xylem and ploem...? ALSO CALLED STELE OR SOMETHING ELSE...
SORRY FOR WRITING IT THERE, HOPE IT HELPS....
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of course it helps! thanks 🙂
only thing is, are you sure about the guard cells? just doesn't seem intuitive to say water wants to escape. I guess it has to at some point... but.. H20 is not a product of photosynthesis right? is it just for regulation then? lots of ? there sorry.
2. is the calvin cycle somehow connected to photophosporylation?? c3 or c4...
or all these all separate occurances.
6 turns = 1 glucose... is it just the ATP from the light/dark?
what processes are referred to as "photosynthesis"? is the calvin benson part of this??
this is confusing to me... kindof how in celllular respiration there glycolysis, krebs, ox phosp.. i get that...
plant = confusing.
only thing is, are you sure about the guard cells? just doesn't seem intuitive to say water wants to escape. I guess it has to at some point... but.. H20 is not a product of photosynthesis right? is it just for regulation then? lots of ? there sorry.
2. is the calvin cycle somehow connected to photophosporylation?? c3 or c4...
or all these all separate occurances.
6 turns = 1 glucose... is it just the ATP from the light/dark?
what processes are referred to as "photosynthesis"? is the calvin benson part of this??
this is confusing to me... kindof how in celllular respiration there glycolysis, krebs, ox phosp.. i get that...
plant = confusing.
H2O is a must for photosynthesis to work along with light. When I mentioned the splitting of water, it means that the electrons that is used to reduce NADPH comes from H2O. The splitting of two water molecules leads to O2 which is a byproduct of photosynthesis.
Guard cells are found on stomatas. Stomatas are on the under side of leafs, so that light doesnt directly get to it. Stomata regulates the gas and water that comes in and out of the leaf for photosynthesis. Turgor pressure is the main reason that allows stomata to open and close. High turgur pressure in the guard cells causes them to swell and opening of the stomata. Low pressure causes them to collapse so closing of the stomata.
Not sure if you have Kaplan BB but I really think that their the info in their plant section is the extent that we'd be tested on on the DAT. I cant imagine them going into anymore detail than that.
hey bud.
um I dont think apical means lateral. These are two different things in relation to the meristem.
There is apical meristem that is at the tips of the roots and the tips of the stem. Then there is lateral meristem which is the cambium. Meristem is anyplace where the plant can grow.
And Gibberellins are different from Auxins. I think thats pretty important. Auxins are involved in Geotropism and Phototropism, like you said, for growth. Whereas giberellins are involved in aging of the plant, root elongation, and flowering.
Oh, and PS1 doesnt always have to come after PS2. Cyclic electron flow (PS1) can occur by itself just fine. But the problem is, the dark reaction requires more half the NADPH of ATP. Thus there will have to be a combination of both.
And I think tranv explained guard cells okay.. I dunno if your bodyguard analogy works - haha. OH and I dont think it has anything to do with roots. But to add to what tranv said: In the day time, lots of photosynthesis will be happening, because there's lot of light producing lots of energy. Therefore the cell will make glucose, and the cells (guard cells) will have lots of glucose. When there's lots of glucose in the cell, water will follow, and the guard cell will swell. This increases turgor pressure. And when the guard cell swells, it opens up the stomata. Thus allowing CO2 in and O2 out. This allows more photosynthesis to happen. So the guard cells are acting in a positive feedback loop. But then at night, the rate of photosynthesis decreases because there's no light. So the guard cells lose glucose, because it all goes down the phloem by this time. Then the water also leaves the cells, and turgor pressure in the stomata decreases. This causes the guard cells to close the stomata.. Therefore no CO2 comes in, and no O2 leaves. But most importantly, it conserves H2O overnight, so that it wont transpire through the bottom of the leaf!
It's a marvelous system. I'm always amazed at how life has evolved. Maybe life isn't this complicated, but instead it is human kind making up these nebulous thoughts to try and explain our surroudings. Either way - the ideas are great!
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PS1 is cyclic, PS2 is non cyclic.
The H2O that is split (oxidized) by the more powerful oxidizing agent (Photosystem II) results in H+ and O2. you are correct, the two e- that are produced from this splitting (oxidation) goes to NADP+ to form NADPH a high energy compound. These NADPH are used in the dark reaction for carbon fixation.
Break down the word photophosphorylation.. photo means sun, and phosphorylation is adding a phosphate group. together it could mean using the sun's energy to add a phosphate group. Which is basically photosynthesis where you make energy (ATP).
i'm not entirely sure where you are getting at in the last one.. but.. photosynthesis refers to both the light and dark reactions. because u haven't made 'useable' energy until you've created a carbohydrate which is the longer-term storage form of potential energy.
calvin or carbon fixation are other names for the dark reaction.
But i feel that photosynthesis/photophosphorylation/photorespiration all refer to the same thing.... the entire process.
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Hey bud ==== im a girl 🙂
Break down the word photophosphorylation.. photosynthesis where you make energy (ATP).
DUH! how do imiss stuff like that.
i'm not entirely sure where you are getting at in the last one.. but.. photosynthesis refers to both the light and dark reactions. because u haven't made 'useable' energy until you've created a carbohydrate which is the longer-term storage form of potential energy.
calvin or carbon fixation are other names for the dark reaction. ==== OHHHHH. i thought they were all separate
and no idea what CAM c3 and c4 are. Read it over twice just now and i get the idea of it, but not how it relates...
thanks for explaining turgor and guard... get it now.
Break down the word photophosphorylation.. photosynthesis where you make energy (ATP).
DUH! how do imiss stuff like that.i'm not entirely sure where you are getting at in the last one.. but.. photosynthesis refers to both the light and dark reactions. because u haven't made 'useable' energy until you've created a carbohydrate which is the longer-term storage form of potential energy.
calvin or carbon fixation are other names for the dark reaction. ==== OHHHHH. i thought they were all separate
and no idea what CAM c3 and c4 are. Read it over twice just now and i get the idea of it, but not how it relates...
thanks for explaining turgor and guard... get it now.
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I guess i'll just be a dude then.
for some reason i was thinking lateral = up. good grief.
thanks for correcting me.
so apical = up = primary
cambium = lateral/ girl = secondary
and... i dunno i read that the cork cambium forms stuff that surrounds the wood or something of the sort... i just hoped it wouldnt be on the test and if it was i couldassociate and eliminate.
for some reason i was thinking lateral = up. good grief.
thanks for correcting me.
so apical = up = primary
cambium = lateral/ girl = secondary
and... i dunno i read that the cork cambium forms stuff that surrounds the wood or something of the sort... i just hoped it wouldnt be on the test and if it was i couldassociate and eliminate.
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