While the PhD may give you some advantage over your classmates in ease of understanding the medical school course work, in general, it does not absolve you of the general requirements for admission to medical school nor does it automatically confer you advanced standing. Therefore, you should expect to have to take all the pre-med requirements (obviously you should have most of the Biological sciences taken care of; do you also have the required 1 year of General Chemistry, 1 year of Organic Chemistry, 1 year of Physics, 1 year of English and some advanced mathematics?) as well as the MCAT.
Most US medical schools require that the prerequisite courses be taken at a US undergraduate facility. For example, at the University of Miami, all coursework must be taken in a college or university located in North America and approved by a national accrediting agency and listed in the current Education Directory of the US Office of Education. Except for study-abroad courses taken while attending a qualified institution, credits earned at foreign institutions are not accepted.
I am unaware of any "3 year MD programs" in the US; they are either 6-8 years (for high school leavers) or 4 years in length (after a university degree).
I did find some information regarding a PhD to MD course in 2 years; however, the program appears to have been absolved nearly 20 years ago. The following is from the U of Miami website:
The PhD-to-MD Program was a special program started by the University of Miami School of Medicine in 1971. It was an innovative and extremely selective program in which students holding the PhD degree could earn the MD degree in just two years. The program was discontinued in 1987 at the request of the Liaison Committee for Medical Education. Since this organization accredits all medical schools in the United States and Canada, there are no other programs like the PhD-to-MD Program in North America.
There is a Clinical Scientist Training Program at Miami which offers a new two-year certificate program. The Clinical Scientist Training Program (CSTP) is designed for scientists and physicians engaged in biomedical research. This certificate program provides participants with skills necessary to design and conduct clinical or applied basic research. Funded by a Clinical Research Curriculum Award from the National Institutes of Health, the CSTP consists of formal coursework, a seminar series, and a mentored research project. It does NOT award the MD degree.
Even if they did have such a program your citizenship would undoubtedly be a problem as all applicants must be US citizens or unconditional permanent residents of the United States with an alien registration receipt (green) card in their possession at the time they complete the AMCAS application. Since the School of Medicine is subsidized for each Florida resident enrolled, Florida residents are given preference in all admissions decisions.
Do you desire to work in the US after graduation/residency? If so, then it would be worth seeking medical school admission here, although as noted above, most schools will require at least a year of US undergraduate study to qualify for admission. If you plan on going back to Europe to work, IMHO you are better off studying there.
Here are some links which might help:
For medical school information:
http://www.aamc.org
For residency information (ie, after training):
http://www.nrmp.org
http://ecfmg.org
http://www.ama-assn.org/freida
Hope this helps, despite being full of negative information.
