Not really. If you get into Harvard, you should attend Harvard. I think we can all agree on that. It is, however, helpful to consider that the residency game is very, very different from the medical school game. There are ~150 allopathic schools, with over half of premed applicants not getting in. There are over 5,000 residency programs that participate in the main match. Going to medical school is joining a team. Ranking residency programs is finding a family. The best one is the one that suits you.
Competitive residencies can be had from any accredited program. Being a good student is worth more than anything else, by far. Second is having a department/GME program in the field you are interested in. This makes research/networking significantly easier, but I have seen some insane matches over the years based almost entirely on audition rotations.
A career in academic medicine is a very vague term. This could range from the R01-funded MD/PhD bench scientist with 5% clinical time to an 80/20 clinician-educator who does almost no research. And anything in between.
In the end, choosing a medical school is a bit like choosing a store in which to purchase a can of Campbell's chicken soup. The rankings would have you believe that the store with 700 cans in stock is better than the store with 50 cans in stock, but at the end of the day you only need one freaking can of the stuff. So use other criteria.