chicago13 is right. The residency training is not a degree. Thus after completing your residency you would still not have a master's degree. The other options are completing an MD in India and then starting the residency in the US or opting for a fellowship in the US in which case you will have your fellowship credentials attached to your MBBS.
Regarding the acceptability of your additional education back in India. Well you will have the advantage of having additional experience abroad. As for the licensing you will have to pass the Indian equivalent of the licensing examination but this is the same exam that you might have already passed after or during your MBBS.