It's not that it can't be done but would need a lot more energy, making it impractical. When you undergo fission due to neutron bombardment the neutron has no charge so it can easily attack the Uranium molecule. On the other hand, a proton will experience electrostatic repulsions with other bombarding protons and with the Uranium nucleus. As a result, you would need a lot more energy to propel the protons and it would be harder to make sure that they stay on target.