Postbacker: I'm originally from the burbs, but I live in downtown Chicago now. I wouldn't knock any of the Chicago med schools off my list simply because of location, although I'm obviously biased. First off, Northwestern med school is right off Michigan Ave in an impeccable neighborhood with hospitals that look more like upscale hotels than hospitals. (FYI: Northwestern undergrad is in Evanston, just north of Chicago). Hyde Park, where U of Chicago is (just south of the city), is known to be rougher, but I have friends that live there who I visit, and it certainly wouldn't keep me from applying (and I'm a single female). The areas my friends live in are actually very nice - I believe Hyde Park is definitely improving. And the hospitals were quite nice.
I've never actually been to the other Chicago med schools, but I've either driven past, or never heard anything that would actually keep me from applying to them. UIC and Rush are in the city, but a little bit south and west. Someone else will have to comment on their neighborhoods. I do have a friend that went to Rush and lived only a few blocks away. The neighborhood looked a little more "inner city" in certain areas, and I know his car was broken into several times (street parking), but I'm not sure overall what it's like to live there. Cars can get broken into anywhere. And having driven through there many times, I wouldn't have a problem with attending either (although from the comments here I am likely crossing Temple off, a school I was considering applying to).
Loyola isn't actually IN Chicago - but is about half an hour south/west in Maywood. I know nothing about it, but have never heard anything dangerous or sketchy about its location. Same with Rosalind Franklin - it's in a northern suburb, Waukegan, which may be dull, but certainly not dangerous.
Hopefully some students who live and go to some of these schools will weigh in.