Hello Ree.
Yeah, if you haven't seen enough panoramic x-rays, and have not acquired a trained eye yet, it can be frustrating. Practise makes perfect.
Generally, the best way to diffrentiate both dentitions would be by noticing the degree of root (or crown) development. They will always appear overlapping, due to the nature of the angle of the entrance (principal/main) beam on the panoramic x-ray machine in the horizontal and vertical planes.
It's a good thing to also count the teeth first, inorder to determine what the chronological age might be, and hence determining what teeth may/should be present in the x-ray.
Permenant teeth will appear more closer to the occlusal plane, as opposed to primary dentition being further away.
I hope it helps.
Good Luck !