transitional year

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A transitional year can happen at two times - during junior high or secondary school, kids can take a year off studies in order to do some kind of work experience thing. For example, they can observe in hospitals, sort of talk to OTs or shadow someone for a couple weeks - and they do "rotations" of these in a field they might find interesting. They also have certain requirements they need to fulfill.

Or, a lot of high school/secondary school graduates take a year off between high school and college to go travel or figure out what they want to do/work a bit. This is more often called a "gap year." (Prince William did one and travelled).

It's a lot more common in europe to take advantage of these times, versus going straight through the progression of academic studies like we do in the US and Canada without a break.
 
Or, in medical parlance, transitional year refers to a 1 year residency spent rotating amongst the different specialties. It is designed as a "transition" between medical school and certain specialties which require a year of general medicine before going on to further training.

These positions can be obtained through the national residency match just like any other post-grad training position.
 
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