Well, many modern physical anthropologists would most likely side with you on this argument you had with your teacher, but forms and applications aren't friendly to free-thinkers. You are most likely classified as a caucasian, because like it or not, we are still using an antiquated taxonomic system for race. In which case, pick your poison from this list:
Caucasoid
Mongoloid
Negroid (Capoid or Congoid)
Australoid
Someone from the ME would fit into the caucasian group.