MMI resources/ethics primer

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jowen88

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  1. Medical Student
Does anyone have any material for medical ethics, specifically in the context of MMI prep, they would be willing to share? I haven't been able to take any ethics courses in college, and while I feel confident in ability to reason through questions, I would feel more comfortable at least trying to learn about ethics and not relying on instinct/some prior medical experience. Thanks!
 
Does anyone have any material for medical ethics, specifically in the context of MMI prep, they would be willing to share? I haven't been able to take any ethics courses in college, and while I feel confident in ability to reason through questions, I would feel more comfortable at least trying to learn about ethics and not relying on instinct/some prior medical experience. Thanks!

You don't have to take ethics classes in order to discuss ethical issues.
 
You don't have to take ethics classes in order to discuss ethical issues.
agree, go to amazon and buy some used medical ethics books. skim through them =
winning-tshirt.jpg
 
I didn't really prepare at all for my MMI and it went well. There are too many topics that can be covered for you to possible study for them, even if you had a year. These questions are looking for your opinion on different questions, so how do you study for that? Be honest with them, tell them what you think but don't be a bone-head and say stuff that's obviously offensive or probably going to get you a rejection.

The one thing taking an ethics class would have taught you is that there is no right answer for any ethical question. (Even when your biased profesor insists there is, it's all just opinion)
 
I didn't really prepare at all for my MMI and it went well. There are too many topics that can be covered for you to possible study for them, even if you had a year. These questions are looking for your opinion on different questions, so how do you study for that? Be honest with them, tell them what you think but don't be a bone-head and say stuff that's obviously offensive or probably going to get you a rejection.

The one thing taking an ethics class would have taught you is that there is no right answer for any ethical question. (Even when your biased profesor insists there is, it's all just opinion)

Exactly. The only thing I would add is that your opinion should be based on SOMETHING. As long as you can explain your position well and WHY you take that position, you can't fail an ethics question.
 
I have an MMI interview coming up, and thought that I should add to an existing thread instead of starting another one.

Some people say that MMI interviews can not be prepared for and/or are too difficult to prepare for, but there are some resources out there that provide practice questions and should make interviewees more prepared for the format.

Here are some:

(1)

Paper on MMI with several examples (these particular examples appear all over the net, so I feel that they've become cliched)

(2)

Document with a bunch of MMI scenarios (haven't seen most of these elsewhere, so they look pretty useful)


(3)

Overview of MMI interview style for a physical therapy school (didn't find this too useful, but it provides an overview of the possile station types)

(4)

Doing Right (a book that provides a framework for medical ethics problems and plenty of case studies. This resource been mentioned in several other threads on SDN)

Essentially there are a couple of aspects that need to be balanced in any medical ethics problem:

- autonomy (as opposed to paternalism, the patient needs to make her own decisions about treatment based on their values and beliefs)
- justice (is the decision fair to others? the cliched example is using a respirator for a 'brain dead' patient who has no chance of recovery even though another patient could potentially derive more value from this machine)
- beneficence (is the planned intervention really helping the patient? how much? crude example: ordering a full code at the insistence of family members for a patient who has no reasonable chance of recovery is not beneficial)
- non-maleficence (not doing any kind of harm. E.g., manipulating a patient into agreeing to undergo a test with almost no clinical utility for the physician's personal financial gain)

Websites like Wiki also discuss these topics, so they are nothing groundbreaking.

(5) Specific MMI question examples from another SDN member:

there were like 7 rooms all with weird prompts that you read and then discussed for like 5 minutes (?) with a physician/med student/adcom.

One was the why do you want to be a physician?
Also, your friend has a gambling habit and ask for money, what do you do? What do you think of building casinos in Ohio?
How do you help a student in your class whose parent just died and wants to drop out?
Something about drug reps wanting to take your out on a dinner
Another dealt with how do you react to someone with a weird religion and their refusal to receive treatment

So it looks like preparation is possible. Having a framework in mind for dealing with questions might help, and being able to think very quickly would definitely help as well.

For example, after reading the following sample question I was completely taken aback:

Station 2: Aspartame (Critical Thinking)A message that recently appeared on the Web warned readers of the dangers of aspartame (artificial sweetener – Nutrasweet, Equal) as a cause of an epidemic of multiple sclerosis (a progressive chronic disease of the nervous system) and systemic lupus (a multisystem auto-immune disease). The biological explanation provided was that, at body temperature, aspartame releases wood alcohol (methanol), which turns into formic acid, which 'is in the same class of drugs as cyanide and arsenic.' Formic acid, they argued, causes metabolic acidosis. Clinically, aspartame poisoning was argued to be a cause of joint pain, numbness, cramps, vertigo, headaches, depression, anxiety, slurred speech and blurred vision. The authors claimed that aspartame remains on the market because the food and drug industries have powerful lobbies in Congress. They quoted Dr Russell Blaylock, who said, 'The ingredients stimulate the neurons of the brain to death, causing brain damage of varying degrees.'

Critique this message, in terms of the strength of the arguments presented and their logical consistency. Your critique might include an indication of the issues that you would like to delve into further before assessing the validity of these claims.

There is no way that I would have come up with a coherent answer in under 2 minutes! So, now I know that I might have trouble with the time pressure.

Does anyone else have resources they would recommend? I am mainly looking for practice questions. I feel that the more MMI type questions I am exposed to, the easier it will be for the real ones.
 
(4)

Doing Right (a book that provides a framework for medical ethics problems and plenty of case studies. This resource been mentioned in several other threads on SDN)

Essentially there are a couple of aspects that need to be balanced in any medical ethics problem:

- autonomy (as opposed to paternalism, the patient needs to make her own decisions about treatment based on their values and beliefs)
- justice (is the decision fair to others? the cliched example is using a respirator for a 'brain dead' patient who has no chance of recovery even though another patient could potentially derive more value from this machine)
- beneficence (is the planned intervention really helping the patient? how much? crude example: ordering a full code at the insistence of family members for a patient who has no reasonable chance of recovery is not beneficial)
- non-maleficence (not doing any kind of harm. E.g., manipulating a patient into agreeing to undergo a test with almost no clinical utility for the physician's personal financial gain)

I strongly suggest reading this book. I found some of the strategies it gave for addressing ethical situations to be directly applicable in the MMI I attended, and besides that, I think gives us pre-meds an idea of the (hopefully more extreme) ethical problems physicians may face, which I personally never saw while shadowing/volunteering.

Other than that, I found there were some situations you couldn't prepare for; they really depended on your personality and communications skills, just like a traditional interview would. Good luck!
 
I've only had one experience with MMI and I've yet to hear from that school, so take what I say with a grain a salt. But my advice would be to practice, practice, practice. I thought I would just do one session of practice before my interview, so I put together a bunch of possible MMI scenarios and had a friend practice with me. I gave myself 2 minutes to read the prompt and then timed how long it took to answer. The first time, I could maybe get to 2 minutes. Keep in mind that at many of these interviews you will have up to 8 minutes. It took me a lot of practice to get to the point where instead of just voicing my opinion, I was giving well thought out reasons for why I was responding the way that I was. I did find it useful to take notes during the 2 minutes that you have for prompt reading. Just something like a quick intro sentence, list of 3 reasons, and quick conclusion.

I also read some ethics stuff, but that turned out to be a waste of time.
 
I've only had one experience with MMI and I've yet to hear from that school, so take what I say with a grain a salt. But my advice would be to practice, practice, practice. I thought I would just do one session of practice before my interview, so I put together a bunch of possible MMI scenarios and had a friend practice with me. I gave myself 2 minutes to read the prompt and then timed how long it took to answer. The first time, I could maybe get to 2 minutes. Keep in mind that at many of these interviews you will have up to 8 minutes. It took me a lot of practice to get to the point where instead of just voicing my opinion, I was giving well thought out reasons for why I was responding the way that I was. I did find it useful to take notes during the 2 minutes that you have for prompt reading. Just something like a quick intro sentence, list of 3 reasons, and quick conclusion.

I also read some ethics stuff, but that turned out to be a waste of time.

This is a good idea. Do schools typically allow applicants to carry a clipboard or notebook around from station to station?
 
This is a good idea. Do schools typically allow applicants to carry a clipboard or notebook around from station to station?

No, they don't.

For what it's worth, I didn't prepare much for my MMIs aside from looking over practice questions and treating them like MCAT essays on crack; it'll behoove you to summon all sides of an argument and find the occasional exception.

For the bioethics-related prompts, of which there were very few, it might've been easier on my nerves if I'd known some background information, but I didn't get the impression that my answer was important. In my experience, the raters have standardized follow-up questions to test your argument (and fill the 8 minutes), not the content thereof.

Lastly, for the group exercises, it's really not really about the exercise itself; it's partly about communication skills, and mostly about those last 3 minutes where you evaluate how you and your partner did. The raters never even looked at what we'd built or drawn. Identify your weaknesses, issue praise and constructive criticism where it's due, and figure out how you might improve. Oh, and learn your partner's name, for goodness' sake. High-five him, even, if the spirit moves you.
 
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