answers for venky_3 questions

inspiron said:

1)Inner cell mass is seen for the first time in which of the following?

Ans: Blastocyst

A blastocyst is composed of a hollow sphere of trophoblast cells, inside of which is a small cluster of cells called the inner cell mass. The cells of the morula are at first closely aggregated, but soon they become arranged into an outer or peripheral layer, the trophoblast, which does not contribute to the formation of the embryo proper, and an inner cell-mass, from which the embryo is developed.

2)tongue protruded and deviated to the right, which nerve affected

Ans: Hypoglossal nerve.

3)mandible deviated to the rt. upon opening becoz the following muscle is affected
Ans: Left Lateral Pterygoid
Bilateral contraction of the lateral pterygoid muscle protrudes the mandible. Unilateral contraction deviates the mandible to the contralateral (opposite) side. Contraction of the muscle on alternating sides produces the side-to-side motion required for grinding food. The muscle assists in depressing the mandible to open the mouth.

ans here is rt lateral pterygoid.
4)Superior fibers of Geniohyiod attaches …
It is a supra hyoid muscle and elevates the hyoid bone; depresses the mandible
It arises from the inferior mental spine on the back of the symphysis menti, and runs backward and slightly downward, to be inserted into the anterior surface of the body of the hyoid bone

5)Intrinsic muscles of the tongue supplied by?
Ans: All muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (XII).
They have key roles in speech, mastication and swallowing.
On each side of the lingual septum of the tongue there are four intrinsic muscles.
1.superior longitudinal muscle
2. inferior longitudinal muscle
• 3.transverse muscle
• 4.vertical muscle

7)Which of the following is not present in the pulp?
Adipocyte, odontoblast, fibroblast……
Ans:Adipocytes.

#1 prominent cell in dental pulp is: Fibroblasts. (most numerous cell)
#2 prominent cell in dental pulp is: Odontoblasts.(adjacent to predentin)
The cell free zone (Weil’s zone)
The cell rich zone (composed of fibroblasts and
undifferentiated mesenchymal cells).



8) superior orbital fissure between…?
Superior orbital fissure
a. Largely within sphenoid bone (between greater & lesser wings)
b. Opens posteriorly into middle cranial fossa
c. Transmits: oculomotor n. (CN III),trochlear n. (CN IV), abducens n. (CN VI), branches of ophthalmic n. (CN V).

9) Pterygopalatine fossa is connected to nasal cavity with
Ans:Sphenopalatine foramen.
Anterior wall: posterior wall of maxillary sinus. No openings.
Posterior wallterygoid process and greater wing of sphenoid. 3 openings.
1.foramen rotandum to middle cranial fossa.
2.Ptergoid canal to foramen lacerum.
3.pterygopalatine canal to choana.
Medial wall: Perpendicular plate of palatine. Spenoplalatine foramen to nasal cavity.
Lateral wall: Ptergomaxillary fissure opens to infratemporal fossa.
Roof: opening is inferior orbital fissure.
Floorpens into greater palatine foramen.

10) Which of the following is not present in the middle cranial fossa?

ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA:
1. foramen caecum - emissary vein to superior sagittal sinus
2.foramina of cribriform plate - olfactory nerve bundles
3.posterior ethmoidal foramen - posterior ethmoidal artery, vein and nerve
•
• MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA
•
• 1.optic canal - optic nerve (II), ophthalmic artery
• 2.superior orbital fissure
o oculomotor nerve (III)
o trochlear nerve (IV)
o lacrimal , frontal and nasociliary branches of ophthalmic nerve (V1)
o abducens nerve (VI)
o superior ophthalmic vein
3.foramen rotundum - maxillary nerve (V2)
• 4.foramen ovale
o mandibular nerve (V3)
o accessory meningeal artery
o lesser petrosal nerve (occasionally)
• 5.foramen spinosum
o middle meningeal artery and vein
o meningeal branch of mandibular nerve
• 6.foramen lacerum
o internal carotid artery
o internal carotid nerve plexus
• hiatus of canal of deep petrosal nerve
hiatus of canal of greater petrosal nerve
•
• POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA
• 1.internal acoustic meatus
o facial nerve (VII)
o vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
o labyrinthine artery
2.jugular foramen
o inferior petrosal sinus
o glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
o vagus nerve (X)
o accessory nerve (XI)
o sigmoid sinus
o posterior meningeal artery
o internal jugular vein
• 3.hypoglossal canal - hypoglossal nerve (XII)
• 4.foramen magnum
o medulla oblongata
o vertebral arteries
o meningeal branches of vertebral arteries
o spinal roots of accessory nerves

11) Non articulating surfaces of TMJ covered by?

Ans: The synovial tissue of the TMJ, is the internal lining of the external capsule.The part of the synovium that rests on the non-articulating retrodiscal attachment would be of the loose connective type..
ans-periosteum
12) Which of the following underlies the articulating surfaces of TMJ?
Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic tissue etc.

Ans:fibrocartilage.
synovial joints are covered by hyaline cartilage, the articular surfaces of the TMJ are covered with fibro- cartilage.

13) Which of the following is the sensory supply to the TMJ?
Medial pterygoid,masetter, inferior alv. , lingual.

Ans:Auriculotemporal and masseteric nerve from trigeminal nerve supplies TMJ.
Superficial temporal and maxillary artery from ECA supplies TMJ.

14) # below pterygoid fovea, but condyle is not necrosed,….due to the blood supply from? IAA, 2 lateral pterygoid arteries, Medial pterygoid artery
ans - lateral pterygoid artery.
Ans:Maxillary artery. And nerve supply is Lateral pterygoid nerve (trigeminal nerve)

Lateral pterygoid muscle is present almost horizontally between the infratemporal fossa and the condyle of the mandible. It arises by two heads; an upper from the lower part of the lateral surface of the great wing of the sphenoid and from the infratemporal crest; a lower from the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate. Its fibers pass horizontally backward and lateralward, to be inserted into a depression in front of the neck of the condyle of the mandible, and into the front margin of the articular disk of the temporomandibular articulation



16) lower motor neuron paralysis…..which of the following seen..?



Lower motor neurons, or second order neurons are cranial or spinal nerves. The cell bodies of these neurons are located in the neuraxis, but their axons can leave the central nervous system and synapse with the muscles of the body.
All lower motor neurons are either spinal or cranial nerves(except purely sensory nerves). There are two types of lower motor neuron lesions: bulbar lesions and peripheral lesions.
LMNL result from damage to All the muscles supplied by nerve are paralyzed ipsilateral to the lesion. Like bell’s palsy or in polio??



18) which of the following is the branch of the max artery in the pterygo palatine fossa

In posterior wall
.
Pharyngeal canal- connection to the nasopharynx.
Contents: pharyngeal artery (a branch of maxillary artery).

In superior wall

Spheno-palatine foramen-connection to the nasal cavity.
Contents:long sphenopalatine artery (a branch of maxillary artery).

In anterior wall

Inferior orbital fissure-connection with the orbit.
Contents: infraorbital artery (a branch of the maxillary artery).

Inferiorly pterygopalatine fossa continues into a canal:
pterygopalatine canal-connection with the roof of the oral cavity. Pterygopalatine canal leads to the greater and lesser palatine foramina.
Contents: descending palatine artery (a branch of the maxillary artery)..

pterygo-maxillary fissure-connection with the infratemporal fossa.
Contents: maxillary artery enters pterygopalatine fossa via pterygo-maxillary fissure. Posterior superior alveolar artery leaves the maxillary artery in the pterygo-palatine fossa but turns around and comes back out of the fossa via pterygo-maxillary fissure to enter its foramen on the tuberosity of the maxilla.




19) calcium homeostasis maintained by which of the following by binding to the nuclear receptor? PTH, Calcitonin, Vit. D

Ans:????ligand dependent nuclear receptors for hemostasis.
majorly is PTH and minorly is Vit D.(increases blood conc of the calcium).
Calcitonin (decrease the blood conc of calcium)

Calcitropic hormones
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Calcitonin (CT)
Vitamin D [1,25(OH2)D]

Click to expand...

inspiron said:

1)Inner cell mass is seen for the first time in which of the following?

Ans: Blastocyst

A blastocyst is composed of a hollow sphere of trophoblast cells, inside of which is a small cluster of cells called the inner cell mass. The cells of the morula are at first closely aggregated, but soon they become arranged into an outer or peripheral layer, the trophoblast, which does not contribute to the formation of the embryo proper, and an inner cell-mass, from which the embryo is developed.

2)tongue protruded and deviated to the right, which nerve affected

Ans: Hypoglossal nerve.

3)mandible deviated to the rt. upon opening becoz the following muscle is affected
Ans: Left Lateral Pterygoid
Bilateral contraction of the lateral pterygoid muscle protrudes the mandible. Unilateral contraction deviates the mandible to the contralateral (opposite) side. Contraction of the muscle on alternating sides produces the side-to-side motion required for grinding food. The muscle assists in depressing the mandible to open the mouth.


4)Superior fibers of Geniohyiod attaches …
It is a supra hyoid muscle and elevates the hyoid bone; depresses the mandible
It arises from the inferior mental spine on the back of the symphysis menti, and runs backward and slightly downward, to be inserted into the anterior surface of the body of the hyoid bone

5)Intrinsic muscles of the tongue supplied by?
Ans: All muscles are innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (XII).
They have key roles in speech, mastication and swallowing.
On each side of the lingual septum of the tongue there are four intrinsic muscles.
1.superior longitudinal muscle
2. inferior longitudinal muscle
• 3.transverse muscle
• 4.vertical muscle

7)Which of the following is not present in the pulp?
Adipocyte, odontoblast, fibroblast……
Ans:Adipocytes.

#1 prominent cell in dental pulp is: Fibroblasts. (most numerous cell)
#2 prominent cell in dental pulp is: Odontoblasts.(adjacent to predentin)
The cell free zone (Weil’s zone)
The cell rich zone (composed of fibroblasts and
undifferentiated mesenchymal cells).



8) superior orbital fissure between…?
Superior orbital fissure
a. Largely within sphenoid bone (between greater & lesser wings)
b. Opens posteriorly into middle cranial fossa
c. Transmits: oculomotor n. (CN III),trochlear n. (CN IV), abducens n. (CN VI), branches of ophthalmic n. (CN V).

9) Pterygopalatine fossa is connected to nasal cavity with
Ans:Sphenopalatine foramen.
Anterior wall: posterior wall of maxillary sinus. No openings.
Posterior wallterygoid process and greater wing of sphenoid. 3 openings.
1.foramen rotandum to middle cranial fossa.
2.Ptergoid canal to foramen lacerum.
3.pterygopalatine canal to choana.
Medial wall: Perpendicular plate of palatine. Spenoplalatine foramen to nasal cavity.
Lateral wall: Ptergomaxillary fissure opens to infratemporal fossa.
Roof: opening is inferior orbital fissure.
Floorpens into greater palatine foramen.

10) Which of the following is not present in the middle cranial fossa?

ANTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA:
1. foramen caecum - emissary vein to superior sagittal sinus
2.foramina of cribriform plate - olfactory nerve bundles
3.posterior ethmoidal foramen - posterior ethmoidal artery, vein and nerve
•
• MIDDLE CRANIAL FOSSA
•
• 1.optic canal - optic nerve (II), ophthalmic artery
• 2.superior orbital fissure
o oculomotor nerve (III)
o trochlear nerve (IV)
o lacrimal , frontal and nasociliary branches of ophthalmic nerve (V1)
o abducens nerve (VI)
o superior ophthalmic vein
3.foramen rotundum - maxillary nerve (V2)
• 4.foramen ovale
o mandibular nerve (V3)
o accessory meningeal artery
o lesser petrosal nerve (occasionally)
• 5.foramen spinosum
o middle meningeal artery and vein
o meningeal branch of mandibular nerve
• 6.foramen lacerum
o internal carotid artery
o internal carotid nerve plexus
• hiatus of canal of deep petrosal nerve
hiatus of canal of greater petrosal nerve
•
• POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA
• 1.internal acoustic meatus
o facial nerve (VII)
o vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
o labyrinthine artery
2.jugular foramen
o inferior petrosal sinus
o glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
o vagus nerve (X)
o accessory nerve (XI)
o sigmoid sinus
o posterior meningeal artery
o internal jugular vein
• 3.hypoglossal canal - hypoglossal nerve (XII)
• 4.foramen magnum
o medulla oblongata
o vertebral arteries
o meningeal branches of vertebral arteries
o spinal roots of accessory nerves

11) Non articulating surfaces of TMJ covered by?

Ans: The synovial tissue of the TMJ, is the internal lining of the external capsule.The part of the synovium that rests on the non-articulating retrodiscal attachment would be of the loose connective type..

12) Which of the following underlies the articulating surfaces of TMJ?
Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic tissue etc.

Ans:fibrocartilage.
synovial joints are covered by hyaline cartilage, the articular surfaces of the TMJ are covered with fibro- cartilage.

13) Which of the following is the sensory supply to the TMJ?
Medial pterygoid,masetter, inferior alv. , lingual.

Ans:Auriculotemporal and masseteric nerve from trigeminal nerve supplies TMJ.
Superficial temporal and maxillary artery from ECA supplies TMJ.

14) # below pterygoid fovea, but condyle is not necrosed,….due to the blood supply from? IAA, 2 lateral pterygoid arteries, Medial pterygoid artery

Ans:Maxillary artery. And nerve supply is Lateral pterygoid nerve (trigeminal nerve)

Lateral pterygoid muscle is present almost horizontally between the infratemporal fossa and the condyle of the mandible. It arises by two heads; an upper from the lower part of the lateral surface of the great wing of the sphenoid and from the infratemporal crest; a lower from the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate. Its fibers pass horizontally backward and lateralward, to be inserted into a depression in front of the neck of the condyle of the mandible, and into the front margin of the articular disk of the temporomandibular articulation



16) lower motor neuron paralysis…..which of the following seen..?



Lower motor neurons, or second order neurons are cranial or spinal nerves. The cell bodies of these neurons are located in the neuraxis, but their axons can leave the central nervous system and synapse with the muscles of the body.
All lower motor neurons are either spinal or cranial nerves(except purely sensory nerves). There are two types of lower motor neuron lesions: bulbar lesions and peripheral lesions.
LMNL result from damage to All the muscles supplied by nerve are paralyzed ipsilateral to the lesion. Like bell’s palsy or in polio??



18) which of the following is the branch of the max artery in the pterygo palatine fossa

In posterior wall
.
Pharyngeal canal- connection to the nasopharynx.
Contents: pharyngeal artery (a branch of maxillary artery).

In superior wall

Spheno-palatine foramen-connection to the nasal cavity.
Contents:long sphenopalatine artery (a branch of maxillary artery).

In anterior wall

Inferior orbital fissure-connection with the orbit.
Contents: infraorbital artery (a branch of the maxillary artery).

Inferiorly pterygopalatine fossa continues into a canal:
pterygopalatine canal-connection with the roof of the oral cavity. Pterygopalatine canal leads to the greater and lesser palatine foramina.
Contents: descending palatine artery (a branch of the maxillary artery)..

pterygo-maxillary fissure-connection with the infratemporal fossa.
Contents: maxillary artery enters pterygopalatine fossa via pterygo-maxillary fissure. Posterior superior alveolar artery leaves the maxillary artery in the pterygo-palatine fossa but turns around and comes back out of the fossa via pterygo-maxillary fissure to enter its foramen on the tuberosity of the maxilla.




19) calcium homeostasis maintained by which of the following by binding to the nuclear receptor? PTH, Calcitonin, Vit. D

Ans:????ligand dependent nuclear receptors for hemostasis.
majorly is PTH and minorly is Vit D.(increases blood conc of the calcium).
Calcitonin (decrease the blood conc of calcium)

Calcitropic hormones
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
Calcitonin (CT)
Vitamin D [1,25(OH2)D]

Click to expand...

bonemaster said:

I have also corrected ques no ----3,11,12,14. look at them and tell whether i am right or wrong.

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