cardiac output

Why are calcium channel blockers (CCB) contra-indicated in congestive heart failure, while beta-blockers aren't? I understand that CCB may worsen the situation with a significant drop in cardiac output (CO), since they're negative inotropes and can further deteriorate the cardiac function...

Stroke volume is the amount of blood ejected by the ventricle in one beat and is determined by ventricular preload, afterload, and contractility. How can stroke volume be decreased? a) Increase heart rate b) Increase ventricular contraction c) Decrease aortic pressure d) Decrease total...

In my book it says, increased venous tone increases venous return, but what does venous tone mean?:)

Anyone heard of this new cardiac output monitor? It's a ET tube with transducers that measure the impedance of the aorta, match that info from A lines and gives out the variables of CO, CI, SV, SVV, and SVR. I spent a while looking at the electrodes on the ET tube, trying to figure out how it...

Hi everyone, It would seem to me that blood pressure would be due to the amount of blood in a vessel as well as the force that blood was ejected from the left ventricle with since blood ejected with a greater force could exert a greater force on the wall of an artery. However, the equation for...

Hi folks, I have a question regarding the effects of catecholamines on cardiac output. My professor in physiology has stated that chatecholamines, when administered to patients suffering from severe hemorrhage can cause a decrease in cardiac output. Why is this? My intuition says that an...

Hey guys, I have something that I can't seem to find well-explained. Venous return and cardiac output curves use right atrial pressure on the X-axis. Costanzo says that it is used as a proxy for end diastolic volume but does not explain why right atrial pressure can be used instead in this...