2 Failed Blood patches....Now what?

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drfeelgood

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I put a laboring epidural in pt. last Saturday. She came back to the ER on Wednesday with a Post Dural Puncture Headache. The original epidural site was L3-L4 so I put 15 ml of blood at L4-L5. (she couldn't tolerate more) This didn't help. She came back on friday , so one of my partners, who also does pain, put 25 ml of blood at L3-L4 using fluoro. Still... minor relief right after and return of positional headache, muffled hearing, neck and shoulder pain the next morning. Talked to the rent-a-doc neurologist on call this weekend for my group and he couldn't come up with anything more to do.
Any suggestions??

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Assuming you have the correct diagnosis, I would recommend conservative therapy. Most of these resolve with time....
 
rule out meningitis and other badness. then conservative therapy. I have given some folks consyntropin IV in 1 L of saline with mixed results.
google that for more info, literature.
 
Diagnosis is key. QI reviewed a few of these when I was a resident and the upshot was failed blood patch or recurrence after blood patch = head ct and neuro consult.
 
anytime the "second EBP doesn't work" start thinking about issues with the venous system adjacent to the dura in the brain; I think it may be a dural venous sinus, it may also be a thromobosis; someone here probably remembers the name; happens after pregnancy; neurologists may never see it or hear about it; looks and acts like PDPH and/or meningitis; you may need an MRI see it vs a CT; do this ASAP

also, on the pain forum, a guy conducted a liitle study of what happens when you mix contrast with blood for an EBP, and long story short, it doesn't coag like if there were no contrast mixed in; most pain guys will shoot contrast when they do an EBP under flouro so they mix in the epidural space; your guy probably did this;

I recommend you get a CT with contrast or MRI, whatever is needed to rule out the venous issues in the brain, and while she is in the scanner, also get an MRI of the lumbar spine to see what may need to be re-injected; you can ask the radiologist to calculate from the MRI what the skin to epidural space distance is at the trajectory you plan to use t the level you plan to go so you know when to expect your LOR (which you may not get) b/c if you repeat the EBP, you want to do it without contrast

alternatively you could come in caudally and thread a catheter up to the right level which can be done without contrast mixing with the blood too much

also, you can get a nuclear med scan (indio scan) to tell you where the leak is; the pt needs an IT injection of the radionuclide and it takes hours or the uptake to run through the body as they do delayed imaging too; they may ask you to do the IT injection; get your MRI first and the blessing of the neurologist for medicolegal CYA reasons

use chlorhexidine instead of betadine as multiple epidural sticks with betadine in a short amount of time has been rumored to contribute to arachnoiditis

add an abdominal binder too if you do or do not re-patch her

cosyntropin is safe, may not be effective

I would encourage the workup but wait a week to re-patch her; if she needs help with the baby tell neuro or OBGyn to admit her until she can do her ADLs

also try fioricet for PDPH as it has caffeine, acetaminophen, and a weak barbiturate (can give nsaid as well) ...but ti might make them want to pee more which they may not like
 
If it is truly PDPH, be conservative at this point. They all resolve eventually. Most within days out to 1-2 weeks. A few last longer. None last forever.
 
If it is truly PDPH, be conservative at this point. They all resolve eventually. Most within days out to 1-2 weeks. A few last longer. None last forever.

I've had great results sometimes with Cosyntropin in these cases.
There was even a recent small study recommending using it prophylactically after a wet tap.
 
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Luckily she felt better on sunday night and is ambulating today (Monday) She just has soreness in her back (at the puncture sites).... but her hearing is still muffled...

Oddly enough... I didn't get any CSF while placing the epidural. So this came as a suprise.. Big Miller states that in one study 12% of people who presented with a PDPH showed no signs of CSF leak during placement of the epidural.

I'll talk to the senoir neurologist today re: the Muffled hearing
 
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Oddly enough... I didn't get any CSF while placing the epidural. So this came as a suprise.. Big Miller states that in one study 12% of people who presented with a PDPH showed no signs of CSF leak during placement of the epidural.

My only wet tap was "dry"
 
I've had great results sometimes with Cosyntropin in these cases.
There was even a recent small study recommending using it prophylactically after a wet tap.

I've used Cosyntropin, but more early on prior to attempting blood patch. Also can use round the clock tramadol.
 
2 failed blood patches equals head CT for me. had a lady with a dural venous sinus thrombosis once. she was the the only patient who i've ever seen fail 2 blood patches.

esp. if you didn't get CSF, the hairs on my neck would be standing up a little that this isn't PDPH.
 
I have had more dry "PDPHs" than wet.

In fact neither of the two wet taps I have had, got a PDPH.

The lady who I placed an IT catheter in did get a PDPH despite leaving the catheter in for > 24 hours.


- pod
 
If it truly is a PDPH that failed 2 Epidural blood patches, she may have a dural tear that requires repair by a Neurosurgeon.
 
If it truly is a PDPH that failed 2 Epidural blood patches, she may have a dural tear that requires repair by a Neurosurgeon.


Can you link us a reference for that statement? I would not want someone to undergo an operation to resolve a PDPH.
 
The overwhelming majority of cases of surgery to repair dural tear to treat PDPH have nothing to do with labor epidurals. They are to replace dural tears made during surgery. I've still never seen a surgical case to resolve PDPH from a wet tapped labor epidural.

The decision is yours but it is the final treatment in the algorithm. A consultation never hurts. Good day.
 
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