Access vs Specialty Care

This forum made possible through the generous support of SDN members, donors, and sponsors. Thank you.

Ollie123

Full Member
15+ Year Member
Joined
Feb 19, 2007
Messages
5,633
Reaction score
3,867
Posting this for two reasons - one because I am genuinely interested in feedback from some of you about how you would handle this situation, but also because I think it may make for some interesting broader discussions about our field. Forgive me for being a little obtuse, but trying to be mindful of potentially liability issues putting some things in writing.

Background: I work for a major AMC. Primarily in a research role, but also see patients 1 day/week. Part of the AMCs largest outpatient - clinic as a whole is "generalist" though we each have our specialties. I'm certainly foremost a researcher and <most> people there are primarily clinicians. My research shop is elsewhere and largely unrelated to my current clinical work. My clinical training was focused on health psychology and SUDs, though obviously am also comfortable in generalist outpatient psychology "bread & butter" cases (depression, CBT, adjustment issues, etc.).

Issue: In light of the move to value-based care, our department is making a big push for "rapid access" right now. The shift unfortunately occurred immediately after I was fully licensed/credentialed and no longer under supervision. What this has amounted to is much more pressure to get folks in quickly and less opportunity for clinicians to be selective about cases, keep people on the waiting list until a more appropriate clinician becomes available, etc. I tried pushing back gently on the issue and continued getting sent cases clearly outside my wheelhouse (folks with multiple suicide attempts and a history of self-injury who clearly would benefit from DBT, folks with extensive trauma histories who clearly would ideally be matched with someone trained in CPT/PE). I can approach this from a general CBT/ACT framework and give it my all...but neither is something you really want to dabble in without backup. I gradually pushed back more forcefully and have basically been told it is what it is and to figure it out. Some things I'm working on (i.e. workshops, consultations - though it irks me that I'm simultaneously being told there is no money to support these things and no willingness to support my time to do it). At a minimum, training in evidence-based PTSD treatments is something I've been trying to get since Year 2 of grad school and through a fairly comical series of events was unable to get. Given my own time constraints though, this is likely to be a multiyear process, which doesn't help folks on my current caseload and that doesn't leave me feeling very good about things. I don't feel like we have yet reached a point where I've stretched professional ethics, but trending in a direction I could see some shaky situations if things continue.

Personal Question: How would you handle? What else would you do? Where do you draw your own "competence" boundaries in your practice? Part of my struggle is just bad timing. The shift occurred literally within weeks of me becoming independent and has been gradually escalating since that time - I imagine most newly independent practitioners go through this, but I kind of launched onto shaky ground from the start. How are your institutions changing with the shift to value-based care?

Broader Question: What do we think about this general shift in the field (which I'm certain is a national trend and not just here)? Where do we draw the line between access to care and access to the best possible care? Does this vary by setting (i.e. should there be greater expectations for specialty care at an academic hospital vs. a small community practice)? Is bad care better than no care (and how do we define bad care)? Is "okay" care better than no care? Where do we draw those lines?

Members don't see this ad.
 
Day-to-day practice thoughts:
1. Taking all comers means you will inevitably refer some patients out for treatment. Of course, your state's rules of practice and the ethics code still override anything you might be asked to do. My decision rules roughly amount to whether I would expect no improvement or deterioration if I were the treating clinician. I'm not afraid to write something to that effect in my consult notes. For instance, though I am not an eating disorders expert I am willing to see folks with binge eating disorder, but not anorexia nervosa. I see adults but not kids. It is easy for me to document the fact that I utterly lack training in these populations and that I cannot provide reasonably competent care without said training. To that end, build referral networks to make it easy on yourself and your patients to get them to the places they need to go.
2. Making a name for yourself in your specialty area and getting some good press are nice ways of generating referrals for you by name, which is a strategic way of addressing the problems of open access especially at 20% clinical effort. Getting your good referral sources to request you by name, likewise.

Big picture thoughts:
1. What's driving the push for greater access? Patient satisfaction scores? Marketing/competition? Underutilization? The institution trying to self-correct a history of poor care? It is useful to know these things because when you do push back it is wise to offer alternative solutions that still fit the mission/initiative.
2. Academic psychologists tend to be a bit precious and picky about their cases. I find this tendency within myself. But I am also very sympathetic to the fact that even non-specialist care from a well trained generalist is still better than run-of-the-mill care in the community. I don't think it is necessarily bad to mix some bread-and-butter generalist work into a specialist practice. It sort of works out that way anyway.
 
Here is where I have landed on questions like these:

- I would not provide care that is contraindicated or for which there is no evidence the client would likely benefit
- I would not provide therapy or treatment that I am unqualified to provide (such as a specific protocol that was not trained in and have no access to appropriate consultation or supervision to deliver effectively)
- for everything else, I would follow the principles of informed consent with each patient. I would explain to them the treatments that have the most support for the diagnoses/problems they are seeking care for, be honest if I cannot provide these treatments based on limitations in my training, explain what treatment I can provide and any ways I could anticipate this limiting their progress, and allow them to choose whether to see me or be referred to another clinician or type of care. Most patients have no idea about the difference between therapeutic approaches and think all therapy is more or less the same so I think making them aware of different options and the pros and cons of these options and allowing them to choose is important.

*if my work place started losing referrals and clients based on clients being informed of the limitations of the therapy that can be provided, this seems to be a natural consequence that may influence the higher ups to get their clinicians adequate training to provide a broader range of services or hire clinicians with skills for which their is currently high demand but low supply.
 
Last edited:
Members don't see this ad :)
Appreciate the replies so far - sounds like my approach to date aligns reasonably well with what others are doing. Which is somewhat comforting, even if it doesn't solve the problem.

@MamaPhD - could not agree more RE: overly narrow "specializations", but I do think its a question of where to draw the line. Certainly, there are academics out there who only want to treat say...trichotilliomania in children between the ages of 6 and 8. That seems absurd. I've basically said I will do: Depression, GAD, social anxiety, adjustment, mild/moderate SUDs (basically anything that can reasonably be managed outpatient), insomnia, coping with chronic illness, weight management and smoking cessation in anyone between the ages of 18 and <too much cognitive decline to benefit from treatment that isn't very heavily modified>. To my mind...that seems a sufficiently wide net that I'm not being unreasonable but the stance here seems to be that this is overly rigid and we should take whoever is next on the list.

I hadn't thought about documenting my concerns in notes. That feels more than a little risky given I think the expectation would be that I would have continue seeing them anyways, but I may talk with some others here since I'm far from the only one with this concern. It would create a gaping liability issue for the department that I'm sure wouldn't endear me to leadership, but I might be OK with that.

Also - just to clarify RE: the reason they are pushing for greater access...this is really about the national shift in care models. "Access" has become a target metric for population health. I suspect its hitting here sooner than some areas just because our two largest private payers are national leaders in the push towards value-based care, so its lit a fire under hospital leadership.

Will follow up later with some discussion about press, working with referrals and getting my name out there. I do this frequently in my research life, but am much less certain how to make that happen clinically.
 
I feel like this is in my wheelhouse as I seem to have made a career out of working with underserved populations with poor access to care. That said here are my thoughts and opinions. Feel free to PM if you want more details:

1. Who is saying you have to see these patients? Will they say it in writing and are they offering to cover your malpractice costs if you get sued for practicing out of your area of competence? I will not go on a tirade, but I have encountered business folks that say these things before. I have always told them to go shove and found a new job eventually. Not worth the risk just to meet a metric that has no bearing on your income and puts your license at risk. Liability issues for them is better than liability issues for you.

2. That said, I work in the boonies with home-bound patients and often that means it is me or no care at all. Remember, the first session is an assessment of the patient. If their treatment requires someone with greater expertise than yourself, document that you discussed this with the patient and that you offered alternatives for care. If one can be found, transfer them. If not, determine what you can effectively do for them. This may be setting limited goals (safety plan, coping skills, supportive/CBT work, etc). Be honest with your patients about what you can offer them and your limitations, this is part of informed consent. Just because you saw the patient, does not mean they are permanently yours. You can provide access to care with the initial visit, triage the patient, and find them the best alternative (can the they be transferred within the clinic to someone with greater expertise?), and support stability until they are able to gain that access to better care, IMO. If not, document that you consulted with colleagues on these issues and did the best you could. I often let my severe PTSD cases know that I am a bandaid that that there are more comprehensive options that may be better for them, Some opt to go and some to stay with me.
 
I have tried to be up front with my referrers and our managing partner about what type of cases I will and won't see. Mixed results. For instance, I consistently get PTSD eval consults related to workplace injuries, and I was "encouraged" by the managing partner to accept the referrals during my first year as a way to grow my referrals. I didn't want to get flooded w psych referrals, but that's exactly what happened. It took the better part of a year to get a more workable referral mix aka "assessment only" referrals. I have a few providers I will still accept psych referrals from, but the compromise involves me only doing the initial consultation (and testing, if appropriate), and making recommendations.

Now all mild to moderate mood disorder(s) get referred to my counselor, with all severe/PTSD/trauma getting referred out. I carry a small caseload, mostly mTBI and somatoform disorder cases, with a strong focus on education and behavioral interventions. I also will see the occasional CRPS case, but I'm only the initial eval and bridge to a longer-term provider; usually while the diagnosis is still being finalized. This setup took over a year to hammer out bc I had to provide *a lot* of education and examples to our CEO and partners before they truly understood that a neuropsych practice requires a different approach and trying to shoehorn me into their model was a mistake.

@Ollie123, I'm not sure if you could offer an initial eval and then refer out the unstable/inappropriately referred cases. Upper management needs to understand the risks associated with taking higher risk cases. Last year I had a rough few months of getting stuck with actively suicidal referrals. We don't do walk-ins, but multiple times I got stuck bc the referring provider got skittish and called a partner to cut in line to me. After the 4th(?) police crisis unit appearance and half a dozen STAT risk assessments in <3 months, they finally saw it my way. We keep banking hours and everyone does legal work, so we can and should be picky about our patient mix. If the patient isn't stable, they need to go to the ED....not your office. If you aren't comfortable with a case, stand your ground.
 
I don't really have any advice, I just wanted to validate you. This is a huge thing at the VA clinic where I currently work (and, from my experience at other VAs, OPMH in general).
 
@Ollie123 I'm not a huge fan of this idea, but it's something. The book "Single Session Psychotherapy" has the idea of, "Yeah, I can't help you with that problem, what else you got?". The idea being, that some problems are too big to be handled in that interaction, but that does not mean you cannot help with one of the other problems that are present.

But I'm free to decline referrals as I please.
 
I love not being in the VA, no one is hounding at my door about "access" issues. My wait time is what it is, if you want it changed, feel free to give me leave to hire another neuropsych. Also helps to have full control over which referrals I will take, definitely keeps my neurologists happy when I can get their patients in relatively quickly and get them a report within a week of seeing them.
 
Yup, having access vs. providing actually good care is the constant dialectic within VA mental healthcare.
 
Many thanks for the responses all, will send a few follow up PMs in the near future (buried right now trying to get some things out the door). Unfortunately, my ability to dictate my practice approach is pretty limited here as we've moved largely into a "do what your told" compliance and metrics-focused bureaucracy in both the research and clinical worlds. Though some of these edicts are coming down from practicing clinicians in admin, so there may be some room for discussion.

There is a good chance I end up leaving in the mid-term. Unfortunate for my family as it will almost certainly require a move, but may be unavoidable given the path we seem to be on here.
 
I have tried to be up front with my referrers and our managing partner about what type of cases I will and won't see. Mixed results. For instance, I consistently get PTSD eval consults related to workplace injuries, and I was "encouraged" by the managing partner to accept the referrals during my first year as a way to grow my referrals. I didn't want to get flooded w psych referrals, but that's exactly what happened. It took the better part of a year to get a more workable referral mix aka "assessment only" referrals. I have a few providers I will still accept psych referrals from, but the compromise involves me only doing the initial consultation (and testing, if appropriate), and making recommendations.

Now all mild to moderate mood disorder(s) get referred to my counselor, with all severe/PTSD/trauma getting referred out. I carry a small caseload, mostly mTBI and somatoform disorder cases, with a strong focus on education and behavioral interventions. I also will see the occasional CRPS case, but I'm only the initial eval and bridge to a longer-term provider; usually while the diagnosis is still being finalized. This setup took over a year to hammer out bc I had to provide *a lot* of education and examples to our CEO and partners before they truly understood that a neuropsych practice requires a different approach and trying to shoehorn me into their model was a mistake.

@Ollie123, I'm not sure if you could offer an initial eval and then refer out the unstable/inappropriately referred cases. Upper management needs to understand the risks associated with taking higher risk cases. Last year I had a rough few months of getting stuck with actively suicidal referrals. We don't do walk-ins, but multiple times I got stuck bc the referring provider got skittish and called a partner to cut in line to me. After the 4th(?) police crisis unit appearance and half a dozen STAT risk assessments in <3 months, they finally saw it my way. We keep banking hours and everyone does legal work, so we can and should be picky about our patient mix. If the patient isn't stable, they need to go to the ED....not your office. If you aren't comfortable with a case, stand your ground.

I think we need to differentiate between high acuity patients that are not appropriate for outpatient work from those that are appropriate but which you cannot provide gold standard care. I agree the former needs to be stopped immediately and your situation was just inappropriate. Not providing gold standard care is a different issue and while not optimal, something that is done all the time in the real world.
 
Many thanks for the responses all, will send a few follow up PMs in the near future (buried right now trying to get some things out the door). Unfortunately, my ability to dictate my practice approach is pretty limited here as we've moved largely into a "do what your told" compliance and metrics-focused bureaucracy in both the research and clinical worlds. Though some of these edicts are coming down from practicing clinicians in admin, so there may be some room for discussion.

There is a good chance I end up leaving in the mid-term. Unfortunate for my family as it will almost certainly require a move, but may be unavoidable given the path we seem to be on here.


Sorry to hear that Ollie, good luck either way.
 
Top