Appendicitis medically managed???

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arrhythmia7

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Hello everyone-

I'm a cardiolgoy fellow that moonlights in an urgent care, and wanted your opinion on a case I saw last night regarding acute appendicitis:
The patient was an otherwise healthy 42 y/o male who came in complaining of abdominal pain radiating to the RLQ x 1 day. The patient had voluntary guarding on exam, so I sent him to CT to r/o appendicitis. I also sent a CBC to evaluate for a leukocytosis, and white count was only 7. The patient was afebrile, had bowel sounds, was not rigid, and tolerating PO, however the CT demonstrated an "acute non-ruptured appendicitis" (radiology read). I immediately contacted the surgeon on call (resident), who arrived with a senior attending to evaluate the patient. They reviewed the CT, and felt that they would prefer conservative management and that the patient could be sent home on PO antibiotics. Both the attending and resident left notes attesting to this. I reluctantly sent the patient home on PO Cipro/Flagyl x 10 days, with a follow-up appointment with his PMD today.
My questions are:
1. I was always taught that acute appy required surgical intervention unless their was evidence of phlegmon or abscess in which case there is sometimes a period of antibiotic therapy. Have you ever seen a patient like this sent home before?
2. Should I have pushed for admission anyways for observation? I read up on this a bit last night after the fact (couldn't sleep for some reason). Apparently the mortality from a *ruptured* appendix is only 1.7%, but there is only an 8% likelihood that a conservatively managed case like this will not recur within a year (based on case series).
3. Can I face legal ramifications if a bad outcome occurs, despite doing everything within my power to get the patient's appendix out?

Thanks in advance for your responses.

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there is discussion of whether medical management of uncomplicated appendicitis is feasible or not. i think if you asked 100 general surgeons if they would have just plucked out that appendix 99 would probably have said yes. in a legal action you have to show that you followed the standard of care and in this case the standard of care is an operation. i personally don't understand the general surgeon who refuses to do an appendectomy.

there is a small RCT that compared the two and there was no statistical difference between the two groups.

having said all this, if i was the surgeon on call i would have made the decision based on the story, exam, and looking at the CT myself. you also have to take into account if this was a young healthy male or was the patient female, or old with other medical problems.

i think you'll be fine, the onus is on the surgeon to do the right thing in this case.
 
Is there anything you're leaving out? Did the patient have Crohn's or some other bowel condition that may have clouded the picture?

If the case was as you state, I would have teed the guy up for an appy on an urgent basis... probably would have been added-on and done at 8pm the next day though...😳
 
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Update:
I just talked to the chief of my department regarding the case. Apparently, the patient made it to his clinic appt. this am, and was then whisked off for laparoscopic appy by another surgery attndg. The case is going to be reviewed by the chief of surgery.
My gut told me that it was wrong to send the pt. home (isn't the old adage "never let the sun set on an appy"?). Reviewing my own actions, I should have at least admitted to medicine for some IV zosyn and observation. That way, a fresh surgical team might be able to evaluate in the am, and if a rupture occurred, at least it would have happened in a controlled setting. Lesson learned.

To answer the above questions, there were no other complicating medical conditions (IBD, etc.). The CT demonstrated a dilated appendix with fat stranding and no abscess/phlegmon.
 
interesting thread. i've been surprised a few times when the patient really doesn't look bad, is afebrile, no wbc, no left shift. the CT isn't too impressive. maybe there's a little inflammation but i think it's kind of a soft read- and you get in the belly and it's definitely inflamed and there's a little free fluid in the pelvis that wasn't on CT.

so...it'll be interesting to see what the path shows, maybe you can followup with that.

i think the saying is "never let the sun rise or set on a bowel obstruction."

we've had a few cases where the appy was already perf'd and we had IR put a drain in and did interval appendectomy later.
 
I would have probably placed a scope in and taken a look, taking out the appendix depending on how it looked. This isn't the classic case where you'd do an interval appy, as gasnewby pointed out.
 
So what did they find in the OR?

Frankly, if you have a radiologist reading that says "Acute Non-Ruptured Appendicitis" I think you are obligated to take the patient to the OR even if they don't have clinical signs. I have done so and, of course, found no appendicitis...this is tolerable. Allowing a patient with possible appendicitis to perf is not, IMHO.

As above, the vast majority of surgeons I know would have operated. You did the right thing (legally), you called the surgeon and followed their advice.
 
Yeah, tough to go over the heads of the surgery resident and attending who wrote notes to the effect of "no operation necessary."
 
(isn't the old adage "never let the sun set on an appy"?)

I think it's "Never let the sun set on a small bowel obstruction."

Anyway, for whatever it's worth, I would've taken the patient to the OR and taken out the appendix.

What did the wallet biopsy show? Self pay? Medicaid? "Good" insurance?
 
With no white count, no nausea, and an appetite it's not completly out of the realm to consider observation in the face of a radiologist's CT read on the idea it could be regional enteritis (one of the things you get RLQ pain from besides your appendix). Doing it as an outpatient is a little ballsy, as this is someone who demands serial abdominal exams.

On the other hand, you look like a f***ing idiot if this scenario goes bad and they perf. You would find this scenario very hard to defend in court, especially in male patients (who don't have other "plumbing" in their pelvis to plausibly attribute this to).

The risk/reward ratio in this scenario for attempted outpatient mgt. is poor IMO (but what do I know, I'm just a dumb skin doctor these days! 🙂 )
 
Heh, time for me to spit out the evil thoughts everyone is having but not saying in this thread.

The surgeon probably realized the guy is underinsured or not insured or this particular surgeon hates emergency appendectomies and would rather do other operations for the better reimburisement.... or maybe he just out right did not want to extract the appendix that day cause it was late at night or he was just tired or his wife threatened to kill him if he doesn't come to dinner tonight and he couldn't add another case... etc etc etc.

When it comes down to taking out an appendix or even operating on unclear BOWEL OBSTRUCTION... many surgeons now a days don't jump like they used to. That said, it's his license on the line, so let him do what he wants.
 
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Heh, time for me to spit out the evil thoughts everyone is having but not saying in this thread.

The surgeon probably realized the guy is underinsured or not insured or this particular surgeon hates emergency appendectomies and would rather do other operations for the better reimburisement.... or maybe he just out right did not want to extract the appendix that day cause it was late at night or he was just tired or his wife threatened to kill him if he doesn't come to dinner tonight and he couldn't add another case... etc etc etc.

I did kinda allude to it with my "wallet bx" comment above, but having said that, I think it's wrong. If you signed up to cover an ED for emergencies, and this is considered one, then up you go to the OR to whack it out. That's just plain unethical and really just not cool, no matter how little you'll be paid or what the legalities of the case are. You do what's right for the patient.
 
Heh, time for me to spit out the evil thoughts everyone is having but not saying in this thread.

The surgeon probably realized the guy is underinsured or not insured or this particular surgeon hates emergency appendectomies and would rather do other operations for the better reimburisement.... or maybe he just out right did not want to extract the appendix that day cause it was late at night or he was just tired or his wife threatened to kill him if he doesn't come to dinner tonight and he couldn't add another case... etc etc etc.

When it comes down to taking out an appendix or even operating on unclear BOWEL OBSTRUCTION... many surgeons now a days don't jump like they used to. That said, it's his license on the line, so let him do what he wants.

Strange that did not keep him for overnight observation. If it was real, could have done him in the morning.

I think something is missing:

1. CT over read/incorrect by radiologist.
2. Maybe a uretral stone, (+)RBC in UA.
3. Enteritis.
4. Something in the history. (I have sometimes gotten completely different stories from ER docs and patients.)

ER Doc: A month ago, please come down evaluate patient for acute cholecystits. Patient has RUQ tenderness, White count, (+)gallstones, cholecystits on sono
Me: Okay 😴
Patient: I had my gallbladder removed 10 months ago. (actually I saw the lap scars and asked did you have your GB removed.)
ER Doc:😕
Me:Oh well😴
 
could have been a retained CBD stone. but yeah, great history-taking by the ER
 
I did kinda allude to it with my "wallet bx" comment above, but having said that, I think it's wrong. If you signed up to cover an ED for emergencies, and this is considered one, then up you go to the OR to whack it out. That's just plain unethical and really just not cool, no matter how little you'll be paid or what the legalities of the case are. You do what's right for the patient.


You know I've been very surprised how much care we give away for free (or workers comp/medicaid which is basically free), whether it is just trauma or people who will just never pay. What I love is that we take the risk of lawsuits, the time/stress out of our lives and away from our families and the three months of f/u. Most of the time before we do a case we know that we will never see a dime.

The real kicker is when those same folks who will never pay and don't ever intend to question the care you have given and are ungrateful. Sorry, it just chaps my ass.

Sorry for the threadjack, this happened twice in the last week.

-Mike
 
Not that I support this position at all (I'd have taken it out and been done with it), but just to play devil's advocate, how is having the patient go home on antibiotics and come back in the morning for an appy any different than having the patient admitted for antibiotics and undergoing an appy in the morning? Tell him he needs to come back immediately if the pain worsens or he develops fevers, etc... It seems they are variations of the same. What would really happen if he were admitted? He would have serial abdominal exams overnight and get IV antibiotics. The PO bioavailability of flagyl and cipro are basically the same as the IV form, and you let the guy sleep at home in his bed. There is data out there to suggest the outcomes are similar when waiting overnight to perform an appy as compared to doing it on patient arrival in non-perforated cases.

Again, I wouldn't manage a patient this way, but I'm just throwing it out there.
 
could have been a retained CBD stone. but yeah, great history-taking by the ER

Yea, I asked the ER doc, please admit to GI for cbd stone vs stricture.


There is data out there to suggest the outcomes are similar when waiting overnight to perform an appy as compared to doing it on patient arrival in non-perforated cases.

The problem would be if the guy is unable to come back, if he becomes too sick, tries to ride out the pain, can't get a ride, etc. Also, 1% mortality is now all of sudden is your fault.

You cannot win this type of situation in a litginous(?sp) society. You would have Micheal Moore knocking on your door.
 
... just to play devil's advocate, how is having the patient go home on antibiotics and come back in the morning for an appy any different than having the patient admitted for antibiotics and undergoing an appy in the morning?

i hear what you're saying. i think the problem is that it's not defensible. it would be hard to find an expert witness to agree with that course. (not saying that it's not sound medically or that it's a egregious violation of the standard of care, but it's not defensible)
 
Don't see what point of coming into the hospital to eval an appy if you are not going to operate on it. Maybe if the OR was booked up till the morning. Interesting the Peds guys/gals we work with no longer do appy's at night. They all put them off till the am.

Also its been killing me what does IMHO mean?
 
Don't see what point of coming into the hospital to eval an appy if you are not going to operate on it. Maybe if the OR was booked up till the morning. Interesting the Peds guys/gals we work with no longer do appy's at night. They all put them off till the am.

Also its been killing me what does IMHO mean?

IMHO = In My Honest Opinion 🙂

IMO = In My Opinion

IMHFO = In My Honest F**king Opinion 😉
 
Ann Surg. 2006 Nov;244(5):656-60.

Definitely not safe to delay appendectomy in adults with acute appendicitis, at least according to this 6-year retrospective review from Yale.

Fulltext here:Detillo, et. al
 
thanks...is it me, or is there not much of a difference in waiting up to 23 hours? vs immediate OR.
 
Personally I would have taken the appendix whether or not I thought it needed to go by physical exam.

Why? Lawsuit, it's hard to defend not taking it with a radiology read like that, even though we all know the radiology read is no better than 50/50 when it comes to appendicitis, especially in young, skinny people.

If a surgeon ever disagrees with the CT scan on appendicitis, bet on the surgeon, his hands are sensitive to around 90% (should have a 10% normal appy rate).

You gotta admit no white count, completely nontender, no peritoneal signs, with an appetite is not an appendicitis exam.

Sounds like it was a very early case and the patients exam had worsened by the next morning (either that or the other surgeon thought like me, he's hit with a CT read like that and in court absolutely nothing else would matter).
 
OP said he had RLQ with voluntary guarding.
 
I agree with DrOliver that the labs and some of the history doesn't jive with an acute appy...and with an official CT reading from radiology of acute appendicitis you have to be careful. If you weren't suspicious, admitting for observation or sending someone home (only very reliable patients with support) with CLOSE follow-up could be acceptable. But, I can't imagine a reason to start PO antibiotics and sending them home. If you're that sure they don't have it, why the ABX? Very confusing to me.

As others have stated, the vast majority of surgeons would've known for sure whether this was a hot appy...because it would've been in the bucket.

As for the poster above recommending a diagnostic laparoscopy with removal of the appy based on how it looks, I would argue that if the patient has already accepted the risk of a diagnostic lap you should perform an appendectomy every time unless you find a very compelling reason not to. I've had more than one appy look normal grossly, but return as acute appendicitis on path.
 
Hmm.. the graph shows no significant difference between <12 hr delay and 12-23 hour delay. There is an obvious trend but the difference is not significant. Faster is better obviously but not significantly better if under 24 hours.

I say an appy can wait till the morning.
 
As for the poster above recommending a diagnostic laparoscopy with removal of the appy based on how it looks, I would argue that if the patient has already accepted the risk of a diagnostic lap you should perform an appendectomy every time unless you find a very compelling reason not to. I've had more than one appy look normal grossly, but return as acute appendicitis on path.

That's a good point. 👍
 
I've had more than one appy look normal grossly, but return as acute appendicitis on path.

I definately agree take the little bugger out. However, I feel that after squeezing it through a 10mm and grasping it a few times we often get an over read by path. Problems you probably didn't see before laproscopy. If it looks normal, I think its likely normal. Except when path comes back with a tumor or pin worm.
 
I feel that after squeezing it through a 10mm and grasping it a few times we often get an over read by path.

i totally agree. i think the path folks sometimes try to help us out by overreading- so we don't get dinged by some malpractice lawyer for a negative appy.
 
I definately agree take the little bugger out. However, I feel that after squeezing it through a 10mm and grasping it a few times we often get an over read by path. Problems you probably didn't see before laproscopy. If it looks normal, I think its likely normal. Except when path comes back with a tumor or pin worm.

i worked with an attending who won't allow the residents to actually grasp the appendix itself. only the mesoappendix. makes for very frustrating cases.
 
i totally agree. i think the path folks sometimes try to help us out by overreading- so we don't get dinged by some malpractice lawyer for a negative appy.
That may be true at some places. Our patholgists usually call it like they see it though. We had one notorious surgeon that was known for recommending a lap appy to any patient that showed up with abdominal pain. I checked his "negative appy" rate. It was 60%.😱 Since the complication rate of lap appy is so low and his was no different, no one else had ever really checked his numbers. He has since moved on.
 
OP said he had RLQ with voluntary guarding.

Yes, the Cardiology fellow said he felt the patient had "voluntary guarding" but he later said three different surgeons/surgery residents said benign abdomen.

I'm going with the surgeons here, especially since there were three of them that put their hands on the belly.

How many "acute abdomen" consults have you seen diagnosed by nonsurgeons that were actually acute abdomens? Probably 1% if even that high.

Nothing against the OP, but that's just not what cardiologists do every day.

In the same vein, if three cardiologists said an EKG was normal with one surgeon saying he saw ST changes I would put my money on the cardiologists.

For that matter if the numbers were reversed I would still go with the person that performed that job every day with the experience behind them.

Again, unless there is something huge missing from the history/exam then there is no way in hell I would not take an appendix with a radiology read like that.
 
Sorry I've been super busy, and haven't commented in awhile.

The final path came back as acute appendicitis. The CT demonstrated acute appendicitis. The patient was *red-lined* to the OR from clinic the next morning, and I received a personal apology from the chief of the surgery department stating that he had never heard of this happening before. It is true, I don't see as many appy's as you guys, but I understand an acute abdomen on exam, and the CT was the CT. If it helps, I'm moonlighting at a very large HMO on the West coast, and this definitely isn't the first instance of subpar care.

Thanks for all of the responses.
 
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