I'm sure she knew without carefully examining her child's ear that her kid had acute otitis media and not otitis media with effusion. And even with otitis media, do abx prevent middle ear effusions? Apparently not. In fact, looks like "wait and see" should be the standard of practice. Oh well, just give me the abx and send me on my way, EBM be darned.
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The concept and practice of a wait-and-see approach to acute otitis media.Spiro DM, Arnold DH.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
[email protected]
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We review the contemporary management of acute otitis media, including symptomatic care, the rationale and literature for utilizing the wait-and-see approach, and the indications for immediate therapy with antibiotics. RECENT FINDINGS: Current guidelines recommend selective use of observation in children diagnosed with acute otitis media. Recent evidence suggests that a wait-and-see approach will reduce the use of antibiotics and decrease adverse events associated with their use. Earlier studies found that antimicrobials reduce pain and discomfort in the acute phase of illness compared with placebo. A recently published trial, however, suggests that when analgesics are utilized there may be minimal or no difference in otalgia whether antibiotics are prescribed or withheld. SUMMARY: Treatment of acute otitis media is the most frequent indication for prescribing antibiotics in the pediatric population. Evidence suggests there is marginal benefit from antibiotics for most children diagnosed with AOM. Based on current data, we propose an algorithm for the management of children with AOM that includes a wait-and-see approach with specific indications for immediate treatment with antibiotics. A wait-and-see approach to acute otitis media that empowers families by using a shared decision-making model will reduce the use of antibiotics and will decrease resistance to antimicrobials.
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Antibiotic Therapy to Prevent the Development of Asymptomatic Middle Ear Effusion in Children With Acute Otitis Media: A Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data.
Koopman L, Hoes AW, Glasziou PP, Appelman CL, Burke P, McCormick DP, Damoiseaux RA, Le Saux N, Rovers MM.
Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Stratenum 6.131, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands.
[email protected].
OBJECTIVES: To determine predictors of the development of asymptomatic middle ear effusion (MEE) in children with acute otitis media (AOM) and to assess the effect of antibiotic therapy in preventing the development of MEE in these children. DATA SOURCES: A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane databases, and the proceedings of international otitis media symposia. STUDY SELECTION: A trial was selected if the allocation of participants to treatment was randomized, children aged 0 to 12 years with AOM were included, the comparison was between antibiotic therapy and placebo or no (antibiotic) treatment, and MEE at 1 month was measured. DATA EXTRACTION: Data from 5 randomized controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis of individual patient data (1328 children aged 6 months to 12 years). We identified independent predictors of the development of asymptomatic MEE and studied whether these children benefited more from antibiotic therapy than children with a lower risk. The primary outcome was MEE (defined as a type B tympanogram) at 1 month. DATA SYNTHESIS: The overall relative risk of antibiotic therapy in preventing the development of asymptomatic MEE after 1 month was 0.9 (95% confidence interval, 0.8-1.0; P =.19). Independent predictors of the development of asymptomatic MEE were age younger than 2 years and recurrent AOM. No statistically significant interaction effects with treatment were found. CONCLUSION: Because of a marginal effect of antibiotic therapy on the development of asymptomatic MEE and the known negative effects of prescribing antibiotics, including the development of antibiotic resistance and adverse effects, we do not recommend prescribing antibiotics to prevent MEE.