Asking the Experts: What’s Really Needed to Become a Psychologist?

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psych_luxgirl

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Good afternoon, my fellow lovers of psychology and all you brilliant minds killing it in the field! What is one unspoken trait–that people often overlook or don't really think about–that is essential to thrive in this field as a compassionate, successful clinician?

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I don’t know how unspoken it is, but super solid boundaries is an asset IMO.
Adding to this, the ability to compartmentalize and/or low emotional reactivity. A lot of people go into psychology because they want to help people and empathetic and struggle not to take on their clients’ problems as their own or become emotionally invested in their success or setbacks. We’re often seeing people at their worst and hearing about their most difficult or traumatic experiences - many aren’t ready for the daily reality of this exposure and it impacts their own mental health. I may be biased, but I also think a degree of emotional distance is necessary for clinicians to be able to make the best decision for their patient both in the moment and long term vs what feels best (e.g., challenging cognitive distortions at the risk of damaging and having to rebuild rapport vs “client is always right” support). In many ways, I’m not the typical psychologist because I’m not in touch with my emotions (which I’m working on separately), but this has also helped me be more willing to try “scary” clinical techniques and maintain my wellbeing during grad school.
 
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A good grasp on statistics and research methods. There is a lot of junk “science” out there. We can be much more effective clinicians and less likely to do harm to our clients if we are able to parse out what is a snake oil treatment (IFS, brainspotting, etc.) vs. what is an empirically supported and possibly effective treatment to help the client when reviewing the literature.
 
Critical thinking skills - this one is huge, likely everything is downstream from this one. An ability/capacity to say tough things (either in a therapeutic or evaluative context). Boundaries, boundaries, boundaries. A firm understanding of logical fallacies. An understanding of stats and methodology, at least enough that you can understand WHY you're doing what you're doing. An ability/capacity to be receptive to feedback. Being teachable/coachable. Ego strength. Idk i could go on with more but these are the ones that pop up first.
 
In addition to all of the above, and somewhat related to being receptive to feedback and being teachable, is a willingness to admit/acknowledge when you're wrong or have made a mistake. But at the same time, having the confidence to clearly state and stand behind your professional opinions.
 
As a psychologist or as a health service provider (clinical/counseling/sometimes school psychologists)?

As a psychologist generally, a good grasp on advanced statistics and computer programming.

As a health service provider, business, management, bookkeeping, and medical billing skills. These are likely as or more important than the clinical ones.
 
Just wanted to add that knowledge of scientific research and statistics and critically analyzing that is foundational. The non-science types don’t make good psychologists. Lots of varied personality traits can make for good career skills as a psychologists as there is a variety of settings and work that we can do, but without a love of the science, none of it will work.
 
Grit and ability to accept critical feedback - at least in graduate school.

I am perpetually shocked by how....delicate....many people who make it to graduate school can be. Most of my favorite mentors were the ones most students avoid. My dissertation committee was comprised exclusively of the faculty folks try to avoid putting on their dissertation committee because they were "mean" (Translation: Wouldn't let you get away with doing **** science). They didn't mince words, but they were incredibly supportive. Much more so than the ones who let students run dissertations that wouldn't have flown as a "side project" for a first year grad student in our lab.

Once practicing...as weird as it sounds, I think a willingness to not only tolerate other people's discomfort, but actively make other people uncomfortable. Fear of this is why so many people coast doing what is basically just supportive therapy. Even knowing this, I find it easy to fall into that trap - sometimes the patient is having a rough day and you don't want to "pile on", sometimes I am having a bad day and consciously or not I'm biased towards letting the patient talk and offering supportive statements because its easier. Good therapy has to - at least sometimes - make people uncomfortable. Trauma/Phobia/OCD treatment is where its probably most apparent, but I think its symbolic of the broader process. Sometimes you have to make someone touch a toilet seat and then rub their face while they cry and squirm. Metaphorically or literally.

@Sanman - Oddly enough I still maintain "computer programming" was THE most important skill I have for doing therapy. Object-oriented programming (Java) a bajillion years ago taught me how to break down problems into components, conduct iterative experiments to identify and solve issues, and do it all while keeping the end-goal in mind. The content is obviously wildly different, but mastering that process is - in my opinion - the key to being a good therapist.
 
Great answers here. I would only add a commitment to lifelong learning is important to being a good psychologist. Graduate school + internship + postdoc is a good deal of training, but it doesn't necessarily make you an expert in an area, let alone THE expert in the complexities your patients face. I left my midlevel career behind because I felt that I wasn't qualified to give answers to basic questions about everyday psychopathology (e.g., what is exactly is ADHD?; How does depression affect memory?) and worried that I was peddling misinformation out of ignorance. Now, nearly a decade later, I can confidently say that I still don't know everything, but I know where and how to get the information I need. That, and my commitment to learning I think makes me a pretty decent therapist, most days.
 
Grit and ability to accept critical feedback - at least in graduate school.

I am perpetually shocked by how....delicate....many people who make it to graduate school can be. Most of my favorite mentors were the ones most students avoid. My dissertation committee was comprised exclusively of the faculty folks try to avoid putting on their dissertation committee because they were "mean" (Translation: Wouldn't let you get away with doing **** science). They didn't mince words, but they were incredibly supportive. Much more so than the ones who let students run dissertations that wouldn't have flown as a "side project" for a first year grad student in our lab.

Once practicing...as weird as it sounds, I think a willingness to not only tolerate other people's discomfort, but actively make other people uncomfortable. Fear of this is why so many people coast doing what is basically just supportive therapy. Even knowing this, I find it easy to fall into that trap - sometimes the patient is having a rough day and you don't want to "pile on", sometimes I am having a bad day and consciously or not I'm biased towards letting the patient talk and offering supportive statements because its easier. Good therapy has to - at least sometimes - make people uncomfortable. Trauma/Phobia/OCD treatment is where its probably most apparent, but I think its symbolic of the broader process. Sometimes you have to make someone touch a toilet seat and then rub their face while they cry and squirm. Metaphorically or literally.

@Sanman - Oddly enough I still maintain "computer programming" was THE most important skill I have for doing therapy. Object-oriented programming (Java) a bajillion years ago taught me how to break down problems into components, conduct iterative experiments to identify and solve issues, and do it all while keeping the end-goal in mind. The content is obviously wildly different, but mastering that process is - in my opinion - the key to being a good therapist.

Extreme fragility seems to be the rule these days as opposed to the exception. Definitely agree here.
 
Great answers here. I would only add a commitment to lifelong learning is important to being a good psychologist. Graduate school + internship + postdoc is a good deal of training, but it doesn't necessarily make you an expert in an area, let alone THE expert in the complexities your patients face. I left my midlevel career behind because I felt that I wasn't qualified to give answers to basic questions about everyday psychopathology (e.g., what is exactly is ADHD?; How does depression affect memory?) and worried that I was peddling misinformation out of ignorance. Now, nearly a decade later, I can confidently say that I still don't know everything, but I know where and how to get the information I need. That, and my commitment to learning I think makes me a pretty decent therapist, most days.
Being a lifelong learner is really important. Some clinicians will stagnate because they stop consuming journal articles, stop going to conferences, etc. For the clinicians who continue to learn and evolve, they then have the opportunity to really develop and often contribute to the field.
 
Grit and ability to accept critical feedback - at least in graduate school.

I am perpetually shocked by how....delicate....many people who make it to graduate school can be. Most of my favorite mentors were the ones most students avoid. My dissertation committee was comprised exclusively of the faculty folks try to avoid putting on their dissertation committee because they were "mean" (Translation: Wouldn't let you get away with doing **** science). They didn't mince words, but they were incredibly supportive. Much more so than the ones who let students run dissertations that wouldn't have flown as a "side project" for a first year grad student in our lab.

Once practicing...as weird as it sounds, I think a willingness to not only tolerate other people's discomfort, but actively make other people uncomfortable. Fear of this is why so many people coast doing what is basically just supportive therapy. Even knowing this, I find it easy to fall into that trap - sometimes the patient is having a rough day and you don't want to "pile on", sometimes I am having a bad day and consciously or not I'm biased towards letting the patient talk and offering supportive statements because its easier. Good therapy has to - at least sometimes - make people uncomfortable. Trauma/Phobia/OCD treatment is where its probably most apparent, but I think its symbolic of the broader process. Sometimes you have to make someone touch a toilet seat and then rub their face while they cry and squirm. Metaphorically or literally.

@Sanman - Oddly enough I still maintain "computer programming" was THE most important skill I have for doing therapy. Object-oriented programming (Java) a bajillion years ago taught me how to break down problems into components, conduct iterative experiments to identify and solve issues, and do it all while keeping the end-goal in mind. The content is obviously wildly different, but mastering that process is - in my opinion - the key to being a good therapist.

Grit requires failure, which is something that most (predominantly upper middle class) graduate students were conditioned to avoid and the academic system is not always forgiving of in its modern iteration where there is an abundance of applicants and choices. Certainly not with the personal costs as high as they are today. People opt for the appearance of perfection. As I have said for some time now, I don't imagine I will have any problems filling a practice in the future with a generation of younger people who require treatment for anxiety disorders. That said, if the pandemic has taught us anything, it is that mental health is much more fragile than its appears (at least in the U.S).
 
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I also noticed that many psych grad students (back when I was in training myself) were very sensitive to any type of critical feedback. Not universal, of course. But I remember other (non-neuropsych) fellows coming up after I'd given a presentation in which the neuropsych faculty had asked some good, probing questions and saying that the faculty had basically been jerks. My perception was markedly different.

When I'd hear from friends of mine who were MD/DO residents and fellows about the types of things attendings would say to them on rounds or in presentations, I could only imagine how many psych students (and honestly, people in general) would react.
 
Grit requires failure, which is something that most (predominantly upper middle class) graduate students were conditioned to avoid and the academic system is not always forgiving of in its modern iteration where there is an abundance of applicants and choices. Certainly not with the personal costs as high as they are today. People opt for the appearance of perfection. As I have said for some time now, I don't imagine I will have any problems filling a practice in the future with a generation of younger people who require treatment for anxiety disorders. That said, if the pandemic has taught us anything, it is that mental health is much more fragile than its appears (at least in the U.S).
This is a great point. One of the things I found most freeing about graduate school was being freed from some of this. I could pick the challenging paper topic and not the one I thought would be easiest for me to get an "A" on. I could run a high-risk study that might fail because that's the fun of science (OK, maybe I should have waited til tenure but I'm there now!).
 
Grit requires failure, which is something that most (predominantly upper middle class) graduate students were conditioned to avoid and the academic system is not always forgiving of in its modern iteration where there is an abundance of applicants and choices. Certainly not with the personal costs as high as they are today. People opt for the appearance of perfection. As I have said for some time now, I don't imagine I will have any problems filling a practice in the future with a generation of younger people who require treatment for anxiety disorders. That said, if the pandemic has taught us anything, it is that mental health is much more fragile than its appears (at least in the U.S).
I mean, most systems today punish failure pretty harshly. Anything below a perfect score is considered failing, etc. As a behaviorist, if we want to change that, we need to change the contingencies that we reinforce.
 
I also noticed that many psych grad students (back when I was in training myself) were very sensitive to any type of critical feedback. Not universal, of course. But I remember other (non-neuropsych) fellows coming up after I'd given a presentation in which the neuropsych faculty had asked some good, probing questions and saying that the faculty had basically been jerks. My perception was markedly different.

When I'd hear from friends of mine who were MD/DO residents and fellows about the types of things attendings would say to them on rounds or in presentations, I could only imagine how many psych students (and honestly, people in general) would react.
The field to field comparison is interesting. I had similar comments from others in my program after my thesis defense and, although the faculty had certainly asked some difficult and thought-provoking questions, it was less aggressive than the average conversation I found myself in at any random party when I worked in finance. Hedge fund people really know how to challenge every aspect of what you say at every level of abstraction and then make comments about how your answers reveal your intelligence (or lack thereof) and ability to do your job. A part of me still misses the intellectual stimulation of that environment and I catch myself frequently cushioning what I’m about to say so I don’t get completely ostracized for being blunt.
 
I mean, most systems today punish failure pretty harshly. Anything below a perfect score is considered failing, etc. As a behaviorist, if we want to change that, we need to change the contingencies that we reinforce.

As boomers retire and there are increased labor shortages in the future, I imagine that employers and schools will be less picky and more forgiving of younger people. Something we have not seen much of since the 1970s-80s when the boomers were young. I imagine this will allow folks to be more free to try new things and fail at ventures with fewer consequences.
 
I also noticed that many psych grad students (back when I was in training myself) were very sensitive to any type of critical feedback. Not universal, of course. But I remember other (non-neuropsych) fellows coming up after I'd given a presentation in which the neuropsych faculty had asked some good, probing questions and saying that the faculty had basically been jerks. My perception was markedly different.

When I'd hear from friends of mine who were MD/DO residents and fellows about the types of things attendings would say to them on rounds or in presentations, I could only imagine how many psych students (and honestly, people in general) would react.
I think it’s worth at least acknowledging that some past cohorts tolerated/lumped things that they should have been angry about, and that they should have reported to the uni (sexual harassment, etc etc). I do agree that the pendulum has swung too far, though I’m not sure about the usefulness of a nostalgia narrative.


Edit: I’ll also add that I think some of the problem is students picking the wrong battles. Rage against institutional sexism, great. Whine about assignment deadlines, maybe not really the self advocacy some people seem to think it is.
 
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As boomers retire and there are increased labor shortages in the future, I imagine that employers and schools will be less picky and more forgiving of younger people. Something we have not seen much of since the 1970s-80s when the boomers were young. I imagine this will allow folks to be more free to try new things and fail at ventures with fewer consequences.
Well as I know, and as you already know this is already happening in healthcare. There's pros and cons.
 
I mean, most systems today punish failure pretty harshly. Anything below a perfect score is considered failing, etc. As a behaviorist, if we want to change that, we need to change the contingencies that we reinforce.
Our cohort had a saying, Bs get degrees. The original saying is of course "Cs get degrees" a la undergrad , but most doctoral programs will put a student on probation with one C and likely out the door with another. But it's been over 5 years since I graduated.
 
When I'd hear from friends of mine who were MD/DO residents and fellows about the types of things attendings would say to them on rounds or in presentations, I could only imagine how many psych students (and honestly, people in general) would react.
Nothing I heard in residency held a candle to some of the feedback I got on assignments as an undergraduate, although to be fair it was not in the States.

The one that sticks out for me 20 years later (*crumbles into mummy dust*) is: 'A series of true-ish statements linked by appropriate sentential connectives does not constitute an argument.'


He was absolutely correct and spot on in recognizing my paper as an exemplar of the genre but day-**m
 
I also noticed that many psych grad students (back when I was in training myself) were very sensitive to any type of critical feedback. Not universal, of course. But I remember other (non-neuropsych) fellows coming up after I'd given a presentation in which the neuropsych faculty had asked some good, probing questions and saying that the faculty had basically been jerks. My perception was markedly different.

When I'd hear from friends of mine who were MD/DO residents and fellows about the types of things attendings would say to them on rounds or in presentations, I could only imagine how many psych students (and honestly, people in general) would react.


Get a group of sheltered nerds together who have always tied their self-worth to their academic output and it's easy to see how legitimate critiques in one's output can seem like attacks on one's character.

Honestly, I don't really know where I stand on this issue. I'll admit that I do feel like a fair amount of psych students attach way too much of their own self-worth on their output/false perception of perfection, but on the flip side simply saying that psych students are soft seems like a convenient way to dismiss legitimate grievances within the field.

I'll admit that my bias from this may have developed from seeing a jaded hardass psychologist at the VA who spoke poorly about today's current graduate students and interns. Ironically, they had received complaints from other senior staff for not doing their due diligence to stay up to date on EBPs within their specialty.
 
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Get a group of sheltered nerds together who have always tied their self-worth to their academic output and it's easy to see how legitimate critiques in one's output can seem like attacks on one's character.

Honestly, I don't really know where I stand on this issue. I'll admit that I do feel like a fair amount of psych students attach way too much of their own self-worth on their output/false perception of perfection, but on the flip side simply saying that psych students are soft seems like a convenient way to dismiss legitimate grievances within the field.
I have not perceived it to be the “nerdy” ones myself. Tbh some of the most whiny students I’ve had to manage were also the ones who seemed to care the least about their academics.

I also don’t at all perceive it to be linked to psych. Every friend in every field mentions this. Probably the US high school education system is the common denominator, my guess.

I do think it can be a challenge to distinguish ‘kids these days’ from systemic problems (I fully believe students by and large have horrid reading and especially writing skills, bc of the education system) from actual problems in the academic system from being whiny.
 
Get a group of sheltered nerds together who have always tied their self-worth to their academic output and it's easy to see how legitimate critiques in one's output can seem like attacks on one's character.

I think you just described all of academia.
 
I have not perceived it to be the “nerdy” ones myself. Tbh some of the most whiny students I’ve had to manage were also the ones who seemed to care the least about their academics.

I also don’t at all perceive it to be linked to psych. Every friend in every field mentions this. Probably the US high school education system is the common denominator, my guess.

I do think it can be a challenge to distinguish ‘kids these days’ from systemic problems (I fully believe students by and large have horrid reading and especially writing skills, bc of the education system) from actual problems in the academic system from being whiny.

My personal opinion from speaking to the academics I know, I think it is the commoditization of academics and the price tag of many private institutions. People are paying so much money for a degree, they expect to be treated like customers and not students. The ones not paying through the nose are too afraid to mess up their deal. A big part of that is on the institutions themselves.
 
My personal opinion from speaking to the academics I know, I think it is the commoditization of academics and the price tag of many private institutions. People are paying so much money for a degree, they expect to be treated like customers and not students. The ones not paying through the nose are too afraid to mess up their deal. A big part of that is on the institutions themselves.
So you'd think, but I saw two people lose their academic merit full rides during undergrad (dropping below a 3.0).

They were both social science majors and my school certainly wasn't deflating grades so it took me back a bit.
 
My personal opinion from speaking to the academics I know, I think it is the commoditization of academics and the price tag of many private institutions. People are paying so much money for a degree, they expect to be treated like customers and not students. The ones not paying through the nose are too afraid to mess up their deal. A big part of that is on the institutions themselves.
I think these dynamics interact. So student was in HS, where they got endless retries, never wrote more than a paragraph about something, had feedback on everything until it was an A, etc. Then they get to college and get none of that, expectations are much higher, etc, and do badly. They see that for vastly more money they are getting drastically less support and complain. I’m not sure they’re in the wrong in the perspective, when HS wasn’t prepping them for college work and universities expect it to magically appear in the summer before college starts. Combine that with college faculty who use teaching methods that are outdated by 500 years, write syllabi that are bad descriptors of the class, have ephemeral grading schemes, etc, and I’m not sure it’s entirely on the students (as you said).
 
So you'd think, but I saw two people lose their academic merit full rides during undergrad (dropping below a 3.0).

They were both social science majors and my school certainly wasn't deflating grades so it took me back a bit.

Not saying it does not happen. That said, I knew a scholarship kids years ago that were afraid to take or harder majors or certain professors because of the pressure to maintain a certain GPA. Now, when I went to college about 20 yrs ago, state school tuition was $2500. Not a major stressor for anyone middle to upper middle class. The private school kids were the ones that stressed more. Nowadays, even state school is $10-20k.
 
the princess bride books GIF
 
Not saying it does not happen. That said, I knew a scholarship kids years ago that were afraid to take or harder majors or certain professors because of the pressure to maintain a certain GPA. Now, when I went to college about 20 yrs ago, state school tuition was $2500. Not a major stressor for anyone middle to upper middle class. The private school kids were the ones that stressed more. Nowadays, even state school is $10-20k.
A semester and/or year if you're lucky.

Granted this depends on the state. Was extremely envious of my friends in New Mexico who got full rides for maintaining bare minimum standards. I'm also pretty sure Oklahoma, ironically, gives very generous full-rides to IS HSers. You had to have a 3.9-4.0 and a 34-36 on the ACT to score a free ride at my public alma mater.
 
A semester and/or year if you're lucky.

Granted this depends on the state. Was extremely envious of my friends in New Mexico who got full rides for maintaining bare minimum standards. I'm also pretty sure Oklahoma, ironically, gives very generous full-rides to IS HSers. You had to have a 3.9-4.0 and a 34-36 on the ACT to score a free ride at my public alma mater.
Yeah, for states wanting to participate in lotteries (as in Powerball, Mega Millions, etc.), that's often a big selling point--to use some of the money to fund scholarships to state schools (e.g., full tuition waiver for having and maintaining a 3.0). Not a bad deal overall.
 
Some thoughts:

  • The ability to finish a dissertation is essential. A lot of people can do the spoon fed stuff like talking classes and doing practica and getting A's. Far fewer people can manage the independence and self drive needed to complete a dissertation.
  • Competence. Although not really needed to be a psychologist, competence is what separates a psychologist from a good one. Some people just have it. It might be a commitment to doing better, being able to contextualize and critique, willingness to stay the course.
  • I like the above point about being a little emotionally detached. The other day I came home feeling burnt out. I was in a bad mood. Earlier that day I gave lots of bad news (e.g., your kid has an intellectual disability/autism), and had a separate discussion about a patient's sibling who recently had bilateral hand and leg amputations. The mom was crying and I had to be like "stop feeling so bad for her, she's gonna surprise you, if you do this in front of her, that is what will make her feel bad for herself. Like it or not, she will adapt and overcome, but not if you keep feeling bad for yourself and her." Those conversations weren't the exhausting part - it was the fact that my schedule got messed up by two or three patients being late. That's what bummed me out - they messed up my pace!
  • Risk tolerance.
 
Some thoughts:

  • The ability to finish a dissertation is essential. A lot of people can do the spoon fed stuff like talking classes and doing practica and getting A's. Far fewer people can manage the independence and self drive needed to complete a dissertation.
You also need to accept that 'good enough' is good enough. It is not your magnum opus.

  • Competence. Although not really needed to be a psychologist, competence is what separates a psychologist from a good one. Some people just have it. It might be a commitment to doing better, being able to contextualize and critique, willingness to stay the course.
  • I like the above point about being a little emotionally detached. The other day I came home feeling burnt out. I was in a bad mood. Earlier that day I gave lots of bad news (e.g., your kid has an intellectual disability/autism), and had a separate discussion about a patient's sibling who recently had bilateral hand and leg amputations. The mom was crying and I had to be like "stop feeling so bad for her, she's gonna surprise you, if you do this in front of her, that is what will make her feel bad for herself. Like it or not, she will adapt and overcome, but not if you keep feeling bad for yourself and her." Those conversations weren't the exhausting part - it was the fact that my schedule got messed up by two or three patients being late. That's what bummed me out - they messed up my pace!
I'm not sure if you need to be emotionally detached as much as accepting of the fact that suffering and adverse circumstances are a part of life. We will all suffer from some disease and we will all die. This is not a tragedy, it is inevitable.
 
Good afternoon, my fellow lovers of psychology and all you brilliant minds killing it in the field! What is one unspoken trait–that people often overlook or don't really think about–that is essential to thrive in this field as a compassionate, successful clinician?
You need a sense of humor, the ability to delay gratification for long periods, a good grasp of simple statistics and research design, and a good dose of empathy.
 
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