Biostat Q

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measurement bias for sure, he didn't blind himself, so he introduced bias to the study because he knew which participants were undergoing chemotherapy and which ones weren't. A well-designed trial will be double-blinded.

Internal validity is things like bias, non-randomization, etc etc. Things that directly affect the study itself and your ability to draw conclusions from it.

External validity is where the study groups are different than the population at large in significant ways. For example, if you studied hypertension in African-Americans, it would be dificult to generalize the findings to the population at large.
 
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