Fast block to polyspermy (electrical block) is due to the change in electrical charge of the egg's membrane. By default, the egg membrane is negatively charged. However, upon entrance of the first sperm, this condition changes and the egg possesses a positive charge (Partially due to internal release of Ca2+ ions). The positively charged fertilized egg will now repel other sperms, because sperms are positively charged by default.
Slow block to polyspermy occurs after fast block. During this phase a defensive membrane (Zona Pellucida) is pushed away from the inner membrane of egg (Vitelline Membrane), creating a physical space (Perivitelline Space) that prevents the sperms from penetrating the egg. This process is known as the Cortical Reaction.
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