Romania
Year of Last Request: 1994
Scope of Practice: unknown
The AOA did not receive a response to its request for information on how a U.S. educated D.O. could obtain licensure.
Contact: Ministry of Health and Family
Secdor 1
Ministerului 224
Bucharest
ROMANIA
Russia/Commonwealth of Independent States
Year of Last Request: 1994
Scope of Practice: unlimited with sponsor
Several U.S. trained D.O.s have provided services in parts of the former U.S.S.R. through a program established by Deborah Hospital of New Jersey. According to the U.S. Embassy in Moscow, a licensure process is not up and running; therefore, foreign doctors make arrangements to practice through Russian sponsors, such as hospitals or businesses.
Contact: Russian newspapers/medical journals
Ministry of Public Health
Vadikovsky Per 18-20
101474 Moscow
RUSSIA
Association of Physicians of Russia
15-2-239 Petrozavodskaja St.
125502 Moscow
RUSSIA
St. Lucia
Year of Last Request: 2000
Scope of Practice: unlimited
A U.S.-educated D.O. was granted an unlimited license to practice medicine based on his credentials.
Contact: Medical Council of St. Lucia
Minister of Education & Health
Castries
ST. LUCIA
St. Kitts
Year of last Request: sometime before 1990
Scope of Practice: unknown
AOA file information indicates that the point of contact to inquire about osteopathic licensure is the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Health, however no address is given.
Contact: Medical Board of St. Christopher & Nevis
PO Box 186
Basseterre
St. Kitts
WEST INDIES
Saudi Arabia
Year of Last Request: 1994
Scope of Practice: unlimited
In order to practice medicine in Saudi Arabia, a foreign physician must be recruited by a government agency, a corporation or a private health care entity, such as a hospital.
Contact: Saudi newspapers/medical journals
Scotland
Year of Request: 1998
Scope of Practice: denied
An osteopathic physician sponsored by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons was denied licensure based on the fact that osteopathic medical schools are not accredited by WHO. The AOA supplied the physician with information on osteopathic accreditation and also supplied information that WHO is not an accrediting agency for any medical schools in the U.S.
Sierra *****
Year of Last Request: 1993
Scope of Practice: unlimited
Physician licensure can be obtained in Sierra ***** with the submission of notarized osteopathic medical school diploma, curricula vitae and a letter of intent to the Deputy Chief Medical Officer. Desire to work with a mission or for the needy will work in the applicant's favor. In addition, a D.O. who has been living in Sierra ***** for many years has been extremely helpful in assisting other D.O.s with obtaining practice rights.
Contact: Deputy Chief Medical Officer
Department of Health
Youyi Building, ******fields
Freetown
SIERRA *****
Singapore
Year of Last Request: 1993
Scope of Practice: denied
The Singapore Medical Council will not recognize the D.O. degree; in fact, it will only recognize those M.D. degrees conferred by 11 allopathic medical schools.
Contact: Singapore Medical Council
Level 4 Institute of Health
3 2nd Hospital Avenue 168937
SINGAPORE
http://www.gov.sg/moh
Singapore Medical Council/Ministry of Health
College of Medicine Building
16 College Road
SINGAPORE 169854
South Africa
Year of Last Request: 1996
Scope of Practice: limited to manipulation
Osteopathic medicine is not legislatively defined and many barriers exist in licensing foreign trained physicians despite the crucial need (there is only one doctor per 3,400 black South Africans). In 1996, the AOA wrote a letter to the South African Medical Council on behalf of a D.O. who was part of a medical mission team going to South Africa. The medical council did not wish to grant the U.S.-trained D.O. a temporary license to do medical missions work.
Contact: Registrar
Health Professions Council of South Africa
PO Box 205
Pretoria, Gauteng 0001
SOUTH AFRICA
http://www.hpcsa.co.za
Spain
Year of Last Request: 1994
Scope of Practice: denied
Osteopathic medicine is not regulated in Spain and therefore, per the Secretary General of the Spanish Ministry of Health, D.O.s may not obtain physician licenses.
Contact: Collegi Oficial de Metges de Barcelona
Centre of Studies
Corsega 257 Parl 08036
Barcelona Catalonia
SPAIN
Spanish Consejo General de Colegios Medicos
Villaneuva 114
E-28001 Madrid
SPAIN
http://www.cgcom.org/ome0.htm
Sweden
Year of Last Request: 1996
Scope of Practice: unlimited
An osteopathic physician met with Swedish officials and they did not seem to have any objections to U.S.-trained osteopathic physicians being licensed there (especially since two U.S.-trained D.O.s were granted full practice rights in 1974 and 1976).
Contact: Ministry of Health and Social Affairs
Klara Ostra Kyrkogata #10
Stockholm
SWEDEN
Switzerland
Year of Last Request: 1993
Scope of Practice: denied
Only Swiss citizens and "recognized refugees" are eligible to sit for the state-administered physician licensure exams. Passage of the examinations is the first step in receiving a license. After the examination process, one must obtain a work permit in order to participate in a post doctoral training program (residency) of which there are far less positions than applicants. This work permit expires after twelve months and cannot be renewed. Further, osteopathic medicine is not recognized by the Swiss government.
Contact: Swiss Medical Association
Elfenstrasse 18
3000 Bern 16
SWITZERLAND
http://www.fmh.ch
Syria
Year of Last Request: 1996
Scope of Practice: unknown
The AOA did not receive a response to its request for information on how a U.S. educated D.O. could obtain licensure.
Contact: Minister of Health
Parliament Street
Damascus
SYRIA
Taiwan
Year of Last Request: 1998
Scope of Practice: unlimited
The U.S. D.O. degree is recognized by the R.O.C. government. This allows U.S.-educated D.O.s to sit for Taiwans Examination Yuan and, if successful, can continue on in the process for licensure.
Contact: Director
General Department of Health
100 Aikuo East Road
Taipei
TAIWAN
Tanzania
Year of Last Request: 1985
Scope of Practice: unlimited
Licensure will be granted to applicants with medical school degrees who have completed a required, although unspecified, residency. Temporary work permits are available and reregistration is required annually.
Contact: Medical Council of Tanganyika
PO Box 9083
Dar-es-Salaam
TANZANIA
Thailand
Year of Last Request: 1996
Scope of Practice: undetermined
The AOA did not receive a response to its request for information on how a U.S. educated D.O. could obtain licensure.
Contact: Thai Medical Council
275 Devavesm Palace
Bangkok 2
THAILAND
Turkey
Year of Last Request: 1988
Scope of Practice: unknown
AOA file information is scant and to date no new requests have been made.
Contact: Turkey Ministry of Health
T.C. Saglik Bakanligi
Sihhiye Ankara
TURKEY