I've never heard of unique function of bowman's capsule. All I know is that it's where the glomerular filtrate passes before going to proximal convoluted tubule.
For MCAT, I think it's important to note the following about the loop of henle:
1. The purpose of the loop of henle is to concentrate the urine by making an osmotic gradient in the medulla.
2. It does that by using countercurrent system. (do some search on this. Videos are helpful)
3. The longer the loop, the more concentrated urine.