Guardian and Standard (depending on the state you're in) has two of the best contracts out there. Both have own occupation which would cover you if you can't perform your specific specialty. These two carriers will be your most expensive options but they are very good ones.
Other carriers that also have this definition but without as much built-in (again depending on your state) is Principal, Union Central, and MetLife. Mass Mutual is the only one that doesn't have own occupation for IPMs of the 6 main carriers. Each have their own individual nuances that you would need to look at based on what your needs are.
The Future Increase Options would be the next absolutely necessary rider to add to a contract. This allows you to purchase more benefit as your income rises without having to prove good health. So if your health changes, you can't be denied the additional benefit.
Cost of Living Adjustment is a good thing to have because if you are disabled for an extended period of time, you don't want to be living on the same paycheck as expenses continue to rise.
I am a big fan of the catastrophic rider but not many people have it. This is a low cost rider that adds additional benefit to your plan putting you even closer to 100% of your income. This rider will kick in if you are catastrophically disabled (you cannot perform 2 of the 6 daily activities of living). If a catastrophic disability were to occur, it is very likely that your expenses will increase whether due to health care costs, modifications to your home, and even modifications to your lifestyle. The extra benefit will help especially when the need is the greatest.
The last rider I'd feel is necessary is the residual benefit or partial disability rider. As a physician (depending on your specialty), you are probably more likely to get partially disabled. So if you have a loss of time, duties, and/or income you will receive a partial benefit (this varies widely by carrier so be sure to compare the features).
I hope that helps!
