Most people tend to say that you *should* provide 24 hour coverage, but few actually do.
The big question, do you HAVE TO PROVIDE 24/7 coverage?
I can't give a simple yes or no.
Would it lead to better care? Of course. So would only having one patient and attending to that patient's needs every single moment. Of course there's a cut off where we are allowed to not do that.
Let's look at it from a malpractice standpoint and assume you want to practice in a manner that affords you the most profit while giving the standard of care and not wanting to be called excessively. Do you have to provide 24/7 coverage for outpatient?
Yes if -->
1) Your state laws require it. This is something you'll have to look up on your own.
2) The insurance company you're paneled on requires it. You don't follow this, expect to be grilled in court while the lawyer on the other side cross-examines you while showing the print saying you were supposed to provide 24/7 coverage on a big projection screen, make you read it aloud while the judge and jury can hear and pointing the laser pointer on a huge screen asking you to recite the "YOU ARE REQUIRED TO PROVIDE 24/7 COVERAGE."
Then expect the lawyer to repeat it again louder.
Then again louder.
Then again louder.
Then ask, "Sir, can you read? Do you understand English?" (Yes). "Then why sir did you violate your contract?"
If you have half a brain, don't expect this to go well in court for you. It will, however, go very very very well for the plaintiff. Also, if the lawyer is especially nasty, (or just depending on your viewpoint), expect to possibly be on the local news when this happens, and when you leave the courtroom, we'll get a nice video of you with your suit jacket covering your face. "Dr. Shmoe refused to comment. This is a video of the doctor leaving the courtroom today."
3) The standard of care requires it. That standard is geographic....but here's the big exception....
Malpractice cases, and this is not taught in residency or medical school, but is taught in forensic psychiatry, are going away from the geographic standard. The reason why is the argument has been successfully brought up several times that if only a few doctors practice in the specific area, it creates too much of a risk for poor practice to be the standard.
Instead of the "standard of care" the new standard being used in many courts is the "reasonable" or "prudent" practitioner standard. So, for example, let's pretend you're the only psychiatrist in the entire county. You could argue that you ARE THE STANDARD. A judge will likely rightfully think that this puts too much power in your hands and will go with the reasonable practitioner standard instead of the standard of care for that local area.
The reasonable or prudent practitioner standard is one where they get an expert witness, and regardless of the geographic standard, state what a reasonable doctor would do. If the defendant didn't do what the reasonable doctor would've done they'll lose the case. I can tell you this. Many doctors will argue that 24/7 coverage is reasonable.
Further, national experts have recommended 24/7 coverage. Another aspect of the reasonable or prudent practitioner model is that professional organizations considered legitimate such as the APA, if they endorse a specific practice standard, you bet the court will likely accept it as the model to rely upon.
Did the APA recommend a 24/7 coverage model? That I do not know and we've argued that before. For me, I decided not to look it up (though anyone of you can. Simply call the APA or look for it on their website) because for me, the geographic standard does require 24/7 coverage so I already know what I have to do. Even if I didn't practice in this area, I'd likely want 24/7 coverage anyways.
My recommendation is get 24/7 coverage but hire some psychologists or counselors to do it for you and they filter out the BS calls. That's what I did when I was doing private practice. I ended up getting called every several weeks to months for an emergency while the other person got called every few days and he just handled it for me.