This is something I've looked at very closely the past few weeks as my wife and I formulate our rank-order list.
What is pretty surprising is how different each program is with regard to the cost of health insurance on both a per-individual and per-spouse+family basis.
Generally there is one price for just insuring the resident. The price increases if the resident wants to also add insurance for his spouse. It increases again if you want to add both spouse AND child (at all the programs I've looked at, there is one price for Resident + Spouse + Children, and doesn't matter how MANY children). There is obviously also a Resident + Child option (with spouse left out).
What is driving me absolutely crazy is how this one particular issue is influencing my rank-order list. I've had to move down programs on my list that I really want to rank higher because the cost of health insurance to cover my wife and 2 kids is prohibitively expensive. It is a lot to ask for a resident making $47,000 per year to pay $800 per month for insurance for his family. Heck even if its just $600, that is too much IMO.
The other thing to remember is that is just the premium. Another thing that greatly differs is exactly what the plan covers. I've seen insurance plans from University programs (where the University health insurance is basically what you get) where the cost is like $300 per month. But then you look at the details and there is like $6,000 deductable plus $50 copays for a lot of basic office visits. Then there are places that are $600+/month but there is low deductable and free office/preventative services within the university health system. Then there are places that $0/month premium but you have pay like 20% of all health care you actually receive.
Complicating all of this is dental insurance, which is a whole nother rigamarole. I've seen varying premiums for this as well.
What really really sucks is a program I wanted to make my #2 has now been moved to #4 because the insurance premium are $7,200/year and the coverage is pretty garbage-tier (the dental insurance itself is like an additional $150 with high copays). Thanks, Obama.