Least Terrible Professional PsyD schools

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mslinzyann

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I am wondering, based upon experience and also "hearsay", what are the least awful professional schools for psychology? Right now I am looking at:
American School of Prof Psychology (APA match rate 27/40 kids? That seems alright...
Wisconsin School of Prof Psychology (not sure of APA match rate, but small classes)
Chicago School Prof Psychology (APA match 50%. Have heard some shaky things about this school, however.)
Illinois School Professional Psychology (34% match, ouch)
Georgia School Prof Psychology

Mind you, I am also applying to university based Psy-Ds, but I have some geographic limitations and I need a few "fall back" schools.

I don't want to debate/discuss the merits of professional schools, particularly. I have a horrible undergrad GPA that I am working on rectifying with some Master's coursework and a great GRE, but I am no PhD candidate- and this is what I want to do. I have made my peace with not getting a top tier job.

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I am wondering, based upon experience and also "hearsay", what are the least awful professional schools for psychology? Right now I am looking at:
American School of Prof Psychology (APA match rate 27/40 kids? That seems alright...
Wisconsin School of Prof Psychology (not sure of APA match rate, but small classes)
Chicago School Prof Psychology (APA match 50%. Have heard some shaky things about this school, however.)
Illinois School Professional Psychology (34% match, ouch)
Georgia School Prof Psychology

Mind you, I am also applying to university based Psy-Ds, but I have some geographic limitations and I need a few "fall back" schools.

I don't want to debate/discuss the merits of professional schools, particularly. I have a horrible undergrad GPA that I am working on rectifying with some Master's coursework and a great GRE, but I am no PhD candidate- and this is what I want to do. I have made my peace with not getting a top tier job.

Have you considered Widener, PGSP-Stanford, Pacific University of Oregon, University of Denver Graduate School of Professional Psychology? I think some of these are technically professional schools, but they have better outcomes and reputations (APA internship match rates) than any of the ones your mentioned above. I think you can come up with a list of 12-15 PsyD programs that are somewhat decent without having to resort to the ones you mention above at all. I would also personally add MSW programs to the list. They tend to have more lenient GPA requirements than doctoral programs.

You may be able to get into a high-quality PsyD program if your GRE is high and you perform well in master's level coursework.

Disclaimer: I do not recommend any of the above PsyD programs in general due to their high cost. However, since you are aiming so low already, I wanted to give you some possibly better options.
 
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I have made my peace with not getting a top tier job.

Ok. So why spend all this money if you think you are gonna only be get a masters-level job that doesn't pay anymore than an LCSW or other similar masters level clinician could/would make?
 
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Have you considered Widener, PGSP-Stanford, Pacific University of Oregon, University of Denver Graduate School of Professional Psychology? I think some of these are technically professional schools, but they have better outcomes and reputations (APA internship match rates) than any of the ones your mentioned above. I think you can come up with a list of 12-15 PsyD programs that are somewhat decent without having to resort to the ones you mention above at all. I would also personally add MSW programs to the list. They tend to have more lenient GPA requirements than doctoral programs.

You may be able to get into a high-quality PsyD program if your GRE is high and you perform well in master's level coursework.

Disclaimer: I do not recommend any of the above PsyD programs in general due to their high cost. However, since you are aiming so low already, I wanted to give you some possibly better options.


Thank you for the suggestions; as I mentioned I am somewhat geographically limited, which is why I was even looking at professional schools. I am planning on applying to Roosevelt University, Loyola University Maryland, and George Washington University, D.C.. My geographic limitations are odd, and I'd rather not go into the whole spiel, but for the time being, they exist.

My reason for not wanting to complete an MSU is that I don't want to be a social worker; I don't want to learn about social systems as much as individual pathology. I don't want to take classes about "Social Change and Community Analysis" or "Foundation of Social Welfare Policy". I'm more interested in PsyD classes, such as "Intellectual Assessment" "Biopsychology" two semesters of Psychopathology, ect. It's not that there's anything wrong with MSWs or social work- but it's not what I want to learn about, specifically.

I don't believe I am a PhD candidate due to poor undergrad GPA and lack of research experience. I have had no luck getting into a lab in a paid position, and I can't afford to take an unpaid position at this time. I want to pursue clinical psych...this seems to be the only way to do that.
 
Are you picking up research experience during the course of your Master's degree? If not, you should be.
 
You seem to want mostly big cities. Unfortunately, that is where most of the bad programs are. I can't say anything positive about any you have listed, but I am not familiar with all of them.
 
I really hope you are not picking a doctoral program/degree because of classes. That the least important part of doctoral training. Maybe its more important in Psy.D programs (thats my observation) due to the lack of a research componet, but i still dont think that where one needs to focus.

What about counseling psych ph.d program?....doesnt require as much research (both for admittance and during) and offers traditional psych coursework. Its all the same once your licesned you know. I think I would make a small compromise if would do it if it saved me a 150 thousand dollars and likley provided better and more reputable training than the degree mills you are considering.
 
Counseling PhD program is a very good idea. I will be looking into that for sure.

I never finished my Master's. I took a few classes, got a 3.9, decided I didn't really want a Master's in counseling, and quit. Now I'm trying to figure out where to pick back up again.
 
As I know people who attend the Wisconsin School of Prof Psychology, I have looked up their APA match rate before and have had trouble finding it. Their website reports a 100% rate for "paid" internships but does not specify if they're APA. APPIC's program data says their rate is 67%.

Edit: This .pdf says 22%: http://www.unc.edu/~mjp1970/Internship Outcomes.pdf
 
Counseling PhD program is a very good idea. I will be looking into that for sure.

I never finished my Master's. I took a few classes, got a 3.9, decided I didn't really want a Master's in counseling, and quit. Now I'm trying to figure out where to pick back up again.


You need to be willing to make certain tradeoffs and sacrifices if you want a good enough professional future in this field with a liveable wage (I'm not talking about superstar status). You can't have a very low GPA and be geographically limited. You also can't attend a professional program or a PsyD with less than 50% APA match rate (GW and others you mention), and then be geographically limited when it comes to internship and postdoc. Things don't work this way in our field. You will end up getting stuck, either not getting an accredited internship or job in this field when you graduate. Maybe you won't be able to get licensed (or it will take you sig. longer) because you chose a program where the academic standards are so low and the EPPP failure rate is high. It will catch up to you at some point. I know some people who chose the professional school route and most did not get an accredited internship and then were unable to secure a postdoc that paid minimum wage or worked for someone in private practice taking an extra 2-3 years to get their hours for licensure.
 
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OK so...point more than well taken.

I have a 2.9 undergrad from Central Michigan University, a 3.85 in four classes I took at Valpo, and I'm working on my GRE right now. Would you all recommend getting a Master's with research experience and then going for counseling PhD? That is sounding like a much better plan long range, although the idea of going a master's for the sole purpose of getting into a PhD sounds like a damn long path...if I'm really going to be as bad off as you're all saying with a PsyD, its probably worth it.
 
OK so...point more than well taken.

I have a 2.9 undergrad from Central Michigan University, a 3.85 in four classes I took at Valpo, and I'm working on my GRE right now. Would you all recommend getting a Master's with research experience and then going for counseling PhD? That is sounding like a much better plan long range, although the idea of going a master's for the sole purpose of getting into a PhD sounds like a damn long path...if I'm really going to be as bad off as you're all saying with a PsyD, its probably worth it.

That's what I'd do if I were in your position. Specifically, an Experimental Master's may give you more research experience, making you more competitive for Ph.D. programs later.
 
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Would you all recommend getting a Master's with research experience and then going for counseling PhD? That is sounding like a much better plan long range, although the idea of going a master's for the sole purpose of getting into a PhD sounds like a damn long path...if I'm really going to be as bad off as you're all saying with a PsyD, its probably worth it.

That's what I'd do if I were in your position. Specifically, an Experimental Master's may give you more research experience, making you more competitive for Ph.D. programs later.

Another vote for a Master's in Experimental; I did this, and it was well worth it. Worst case, the Master's degree I just got added an extra year to my time in grad school overall; however, I know the additional research experience, publications, and professional network I built up during that time made me a more competitive applicant, and helped me land a job in my field, as well. There are fully funded Master's programs out there; if you would like more info on the program I went to, feel free to PM me.
 
It is important to clarify the type of MA/MS program worth pursuing. There are masters programs meant for licensure and then practice at the MA/MS level. Those types of programs would not be a good fit for your situation bc they focus almost exclusively on counseling and applied study. There are also programs without a licensure option, but only some of those will be worthwhile...depending on their focus. You'd only want to consider an MA/MS program that provides a significant amount of research and statistics training because that skill-set will be far more useful to you at the doctoral level than psych theory or clinical specific practice courses.
 
It is important to clarify the type of MA/MS program worth pursuing. There are masters programs meant for licensure and then practice at the MA/MS level. Those types of programs would not be a good fit for your situation bc they focus almost exclusively on counseling and applied study. There are also programs without a licensure option, but only some of those will be worthwhile...depending on their focus. You'd only want to consider an MA/MS program that provides a significant amount of research and statistics training because that skill-set will be far more useful to you at the doctoral level than psych theory or clinical specific practice courses.

Yes, that makes sense. I would prefer to (somehow) find a masters that would qualify me for license, at least as an LLP - you never know what life will hand you, and I think it would be great if I could do research and get licensed at the master's level. I will be looking into this.

Thanks for your help. I think this is a better plan, and I feel much more comfortable with Master's level debt than with all the PsyD debt (especially since my partner has significant law school debt).
 
Hello:

I earned a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology about five years ago from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. This school is the 5th largest medical school in the country, the largest in PA, and provides more primary care physicians to the military than any other medical school. Anyway, the psychology program has been APA accedited for about nine years. I did not obtain an APA accredited internship (my internship was APPIC accredited). However, I am now licensed in two states and am earning nearly $150,000 per year. I have been working alot, but there have been a lot of opportunities. This is surprising considering there are several doctoral programs in the greater Philadelphia area including Widener, Lasalle, Chestnut Hill, Bryn Mawr College, University of Penn, Temple, Philadelphia College of Osteopatchic Medicine (you would think the market would be flooded with psychologists). I will never be able to get a job at a VA, or the military (no APA internship) but I am doing very well despite this minor limitation. On the licensing exam, I scored in the top 15% nationwide and it seemed that my effort was the deciding factor. So, it it's a PsyD you are seeking, I wouldn't let the naysayers get in your way.

Best Wishes!
 
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Hello:

I earned a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology about five years ago from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. This school is the 5th largest medical school in the country, the largest in PA, and provides more primary care physicians to the military than any other medical school. Anyway, the psychology program has been APA accedited for about nine years. I did not obtain an APA accredited internship (my internship was APPIC accredited). However, I am now licensed in two states and am earning nearly $150,000 per year. I have been working alot, but there have been a lot of opportunities. This is surprising considering there are several doctoral programs in the greater Philadelphia area including Widener, Lasalle, Chestnut Hill, Bryn Mawr College, University of Penn, Temple, Philadelphia College of Osteopatchic Medicine (you would think the market would be flooded with psychologists). I will never be able to get a job at a VA, or the military (no APA internship) but I am doing very well despite this minor limitation. On the licensing exam, I scored in the top 15% nationwide and it seemed that my effort was the deciding factor. So, it it's a PsyD you are seeking, I wouldn't let the naysayers get in your way.

Best Wishes!

Even assuming that it's true that you're in the 99th percentile of earners in psych at 5 years (http://www.apa.org/workforce/publications/09-salaries/figure-05.pdf), was this the modal outcome for your class? Is it the modal outcome at most unfunded programs? If not, does this seem like good or bad advice to give to the OP (to base one's decision on the performance of an outlier)?
 
Hello:

I earned a Psy.D. in Clinical Psychology about five years ago from the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine. This school is the 5th largest medical school in the country, the largest in PA, and provides more primary care physicians to the military than any other medical school. Anyway, the psychology program has been APA accedited for about nine years. I did not obtain an APA accredited internship (my internship was APPIC accredited). However, I am now licensed in two states and am earning nearly $150,000 per year. I have been working alot, but there have been a lot of opportunities. This is surprising considering there are several doctoral programs in the greater Philadelphia area including Widener, Lasalle, Chestnut Hill, Bryn Mawr College, University of Penn, Temple, Philadelphia College of Osteopatchic Medicine (you would think the market would be flooded with psychologists). I will never be able to get a job at a VA, or the military (no APA internship) but I am doing very well despite this minor limitation. On the licensing exam, I scored in the top 15% nationwide and it seemed that my effort was the deciding factor. So, it it's a PsyD you are seeking, I wouldn't let the naysayers get in your way.

Best Wishes!


So, care to enlighten the rest of us as to how you have managed to make $150k/yr?
 
I am always suspicious of people whose only post is a stunning review of their professional PsyD program white maintaining they have a high salary without even explaining what they do. We get a lot of fake posts like these on here. They usually don't have any substance, but tell others not to listen to the naysayers.
 
I am always suspicious of people whose only post is a stunning review of their professional PsyD program white maintaining they have a high salary without even explaining what they do. We get a lot of fake posts like these on here. They usually don't have any substance, but tell others not to listen to the naysayers.

Although I also suspect these posts as being shills, I'll concede that this outcome is possible. But that's irrelevant; is what Praxus9 posted the modal outcome for these programs? No. Is it even near the average? The data clearly indicate it is not. Is that outcome only achievable through an unfunded PsyD, and not a funded program? No. So, completely irrelevant anecdote that is contrary to data.
 
Thank you for the suggestions; as I mentioned I am somewhat geographically limited, which is why I was even looking at professional schools. I am planning on applying to Roosevelt University, Loyola University Maryland, and George Washington University, D.C.. My geographic limitations are odd, and I'd rather not go into the whole spiel, but for the time being, they exist.

My reason for not wanting to complete an MSU is that I don't want to be a social worker; I don't want to learn about social systems as much as individual pathology. I don't want to take classes about "Social Change and Community Analysis" or "Foundation of Social Welfare Policy". I'm more interested in PsyD classes, such as "Intellectual Assessment" "Biopsychology" two semesters of Psychopathology, ect. It's not that there's anything wrong with MSWs or social work- but it's not what I want to learn about, specifically.

I don't believe I am a PhD candidate due to poor undergrad GPA and lack of research experience. I have had no luck getting into a lab in a paid position, and I can't afford to take an unpaid position at this time. I want to pursue clinical psych...this seems to be the only way to do that.
Some classes in clinical social work may not interest you, but LCSWs can do virtually anything PsyDs can do, except in-depth testing. In many cases, they can do initial assessments, diagnoses, and any type of therapy. And there are more jobs for them in hospitals than for doctoral level psychologists, and job opportunities are much less geographically restrictive. Also, there are many MSW programs that are much less expensive than PsyD programs. You can take good, inexpensive classes through university extension programs if you just want to do it for the learning experience.
 
I worry about choosing "the least awful" school. You are going to be responsible for the care of others, so getting the best possible training is important. It may take some research experience, possibly some MA classes, and some seriously high GRE scores, but all are possible with some time and effort. Better schools will also have better connections and will help you land better practicum experiences, all leading to you becoming a better clinician.
 
If money is an object, as it is with most people, Baylor and Rutgers seem to be the best PsyD programs in the country (and they provide funding - whether partial or full funding I'm not totally certain). If money is no object, you can add PGSP-Stanford to the list (100% APA match rate last year).

Re. the previous poster who clucks about his 150k per year salary, make no mistake - if you don't go into a doctoral program in clinical psychology without the nearly single-minded intention of getting a quality APA internship, you're doing it wrong. It's nice to hear about special little snowflakes who can buck the trend even with non APA training and otherwise poor stats and can make some cash, but it's best not to shoot yourself in the foot right out of the gate.
 
I know this is somewhat off the topic. But is there a specific necessity for attending a APA or APPAIC internship as opposed to a non accredited one? Is your ability to practice hindered? I mean with such low match rates at these schools what are these people doing since they're obviously not doing research?


I mean the reason I ask is because I know at least on the medical forums, our views on super tier residencies are that they're borderline essential despite plenty of good doctors doing residencies in weak programs. I.e inflated importance.
 
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I know this is somewhat off the topic. But is there a specific necessity for attending a APA or APPAIC internship as opposed to a non accredited one?

APA and APPIC are different. APA is (presently) the only accrediting body for internships. There are about enough APA internships for about 1/2 of all applicants. APPIC is a membership organization, not an accrediting body. There are enough APPIC internships for about 7-8/10ths of all applicants. All APA internships are APPIC members, but not all APPIC members are APA accredited. So, you can get an APPIC internship that is not accredited.

Is your ability to practice hindered?

Yes, in the sense that there are some jobs you can never have (VA, corrections). The APA is pushing for states to require accredited training at the doctoral program and internship level, as psychology is presently the only health profession that lets people from unaccredited programs get licensed. Some state boards are moving on this, and some are not.

I mean with such low match rates at these schools what are these people doing since they're obviously not doing research?

Many people who do not match appear to take unaccredited internships. There is very little research about this, but nowhere near all of the unmatched people are recycling into subsequent years. So, they're either doing unaccredited internships or leaving the field, for a good part.

I mean the reason I ask is because I know at least on the medical forums, our views on super tier residencies are that they're borderline essential despite plenty of good doctors doing residencies in weak programs. I.e inflated importance.

The thought among some in the training community appears to be that because (a) most state boards do not require accredited internships (yet) and (b) there are so few accredited internships anyway, that there is no strong pull to be accredited because unaccredited internships still get good applicants. You can join APPIC as a member site and have access to the pool of internship applicants, and never plan to get accredited (though APPIC wants their sites to become accredited and helps them do so). So, especially for sites without a lot of money to do the accreditation process, and whose graduates are not aiming for (or are not aware of....) VA etc requirements, there is not a major incentive to get accredited as they still get good applicants.

There are lots of good clinicians who are at unaccredited sites, sure. But there also does appear to be an association in that programs that fail to match large numbers of students to accredited programs also have students who go on to fail the EPPP (our exam for professional practice). It appears to me based on that, that the unaccredited sites get a mix of qualified clinicians (who may really want the site, or may be restricted geographically, or be unaware of the consequences of an unaccredited internship), and relatively weaker clinicians.
 
PGSP-Stanford has 100% APA-accredited internship match rate in 2013 and 2014.
 
Holy crap, how many of these are there going to be? I just remember seeing three of these on the front page the last few times I was on the board.

There are indeed a few, yes. Much like other topics, they tend to ebb and flow a bit.

To answer the tuition question re: PGSP, it's approximately $46,500/year, per their website ($41k tuition + $5k in fees).
 
There are indeed a few, yes. Much like other topics, they tend to ebb and flow a bit.

To answer the tuition question re: PGSP, it's approximately $46,500/year, per their website ($41k tuition + $5k in fees).
Wow, approximately 250k if you assume 5 years, not counting living expenses in a high cost area. Marry wealthy kids.
 
Wow, approximately 250k if you assume 5 years, not counting living expenses in a high cost area. Marry wealthy kids.

Actually, it looks like you get a significant price break on the internship year tuition (you still have to pay 10 grand to the school.... for the privilege of doing an internship somewhere else).

No student of Palo Alto University gets away with less than 250K of debt. Typically 300K or more.

How do they pay for it? Income-Contingent Repayment for the rest of their lives.
 
Actually, it looks like you get a significant price break on the internship year tuition (you still have to pay 10 grand to the school.... for the privilege of doing an internship somewhere else).

No student of Palo Alto University gets away with less than 250K of debt. Typically 300K or more.

How do they pay for it? Income-Contingent Repayment for the rest of their lives.

Well, if you go IBR, the loans are technically forgiven after 20 years' worth of payments (or 10 years with PSLF). At least in theory. Although you get taxed on the forgiven amount (not w/PSLF).

Still, $300k...that's pretty staggering. Even on IBR, you're probably looking at somewhere around $500-600/month on the average psychologist's salary. The scary part is that this may not even cover interest, so when it's forgiven via the traditional route, you could end up paying taxes on >$300k, which I believe might be treated like income for that year.
 
Another vote for a Master's in Experimental; I did this, and it was well worth it. Worst case, the Master's degree I just got added an extra year to my time in grad school overall; however, I know the additional research experience, publications, and professional network I built up during that time made me a more competitive applicant, and helped me land a job in my field, as well. There are fully funded Master's programs out there; if you would like more info on the program I went to, feel free to PM me.

Why only one year? Was it a one year program, or did it shave time off of the doctoral program?
 
Well, if you go IBR, the loans are technically forgiven after 20 years' worth of payments (or 10 years with PSLF). At least in theory. Although you get taxed on the forgiven amount (not w/PSLF).

Still, $300k...that's pretty staggering. Even on IBR, you're probably looking at somewhere around $500-600/month on the average psychologist's salary. The scary part is that this may not even cover interest, so when it's forgiven via the traditional route, you could end up paying taxes on >$300k, which I believe might be treated like income for that year.


As someone who has done well above average financially and who went to a funded program, I cannot fathom that debt load. Even with a spouse that makes six figures and significantly less combined debt than debt, we a struggling with the costs of a wedding and a first house. I really would love to hear how someone that went to one of these programs manages to live after they graduate. Maybe it is just denial until that 20 year mark. But, you would have to pay taxes on something like $360-400k that year. That would be more in taxes than your actual salary. Then what?
 
Why only one year? Was it a one year program, or did it shave time off of the doctoral program?
Shaved one year off the total of a PhD at the cost of two years for that other Master's degree. Still worth it - Master's was funded, PhD is funded, and I am thrilled with this program.
 
I really would love to hear how someone that went to one of these programs manages to live after they graduate. Maybe it is just denial until that 20 year mark.
It's basically denial.
 
As someone who has done well above average financially and who went to a funded program, I cannot fathom that debt load. Even with a spouse that makes six figures and significantly less combined debt than debt, we a struggling with the costs of a wedding and a first house. I really would love to hear how someone that went to one of these programs manages to live after they graduate. Maybe it is just denial until that 20 year mark. But, you would have to pay taxes on something like $360-400k that year. That would be more in taxes than your actual salary. Then what?

Theoretically, I think the idea with IBR is that you should be saving a bit each month toward that 20-year payoff tax bill. Realistically? Not sure, but possibly a lot of, "I'll worry about that in another 10 years" self talk.

Don't get me wrong, it's certainly financially feasible to pay $500-600/month (or actually, looking at the studentloans website, closer to $600-800/month) and still live. But it's rough to think what else you could be doing with that money. That's basically, for example, a car payment + insurance on a pretty darn nice car. Or rent for a single bedroom apartment in some cities. Or a healthy chunk of change to set aside for savings. And yes, it would make budgeting your spending for a couple decades a necessity.
 
Legitimately paying back a 250000 loan in 30 years at 6.8% interest would require a $1629.81 a month payment. You would end up paying almost 600,000 by the time you finished. To do it, the financial aid calculator I used recommended a salary of 200,000 a year. www.finaid.org

That is beyond stupid. An 80,000 loan outstrips the recommended salary for a clinical psychologist for a 30 year loan.
I think many people overestimate both the availability and feasibility of loan repayment/reduction options.
 
I think people think loan repayment money is magically brought to the bank after being printed by unicorns.
MCP, your absurd example diminishes a serious problem. Shame on you. Plus, everyone knows that it's Rumpelstiltskin who spins straw into gold to pay back student loans.
 
...which includes being able to secure employment that qualifies. PP isn't going to cut it for most/all types of repayment programs.

I think IBR/ICR is available regardless of employment type, and just depends on your income. However, PSLF requires working for an entity that qualifies.
 
I think IBR/ICR is available regardless of employment type, and just depends on your income. However, PSLF requires working for an entity that qualifies.

Is there a difference between IBR and ICR and also – what is PSLF? Thanks.

Just googled PSLF - so disregard that question.
 
Is there a difference between IBR and ICR and also – what is PSLF? Thanks.

There is a difference, yes; I honestly couldn't tell you what it is, though, other than that IBR is what's required for PSLF. And PSLF = public sector loan forgiveness, which is a program that forgives your remaining loan debt after working for a qualifying (usually non-profit) public sector employer for 10 years.
 
I know that the National Health Service Corps offers a loan repayment program for private practices, but I think it often requires a large chunk of a provider's caseload (~50%) to have Medicaid as their health insurance.
 
I know that the National Health Service Corps offers a loan repayment program for private practices, but I think it often requires a large chunk of a provider's caseload (~50%) to have Medicaid as their health insurance.

You may also need to work in one of the qualifying geographic locations, although I might be wrong on that.
 
http://finance.yahoo.com/news/1-student-debt-crisis-owing-163540505.html

Half of our new graduates average debt in the top 1% of all students of any type. I think our field has been heavily infiltrated by a predatory profit scheme. Shameful.

It's a perfect storm of the unfunded doctoral degree granting institutions and 'subprime' federal loan programs. There are hordes of people walking around now with mountains of debt who never had any business getting a doctoral degree, the same way that the subprime home loan crisis resulted in hordes of people getting into mortgages they never would have otherwise qualified for (e.g., no income verification, picks carrots for a living, etc).
 
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