Memorization

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Abby_Normal

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Half way through my first year, and I find myself in the position of finding the material relatively easy but that I don't always internalize it that efficiently. I was kind of expecting this because I'm a conceptual learner, so the straight memorization of facts isn't exactly my thing. However, I'm realizing that really don't know how to improve my memorization skills--most of my previous academic experience focused more heavily on critical thinking/learning concepts rather than memorization (I have a liberal arts degree..). I do find flash cards helpful to a point, and I go over previous exams, but I still feel I am not studying as effectively as I would like to. I'm passing my classes, but I just feel that I could be working more efficiently.

I was wondering if anyone has any good memorization techniques.
 
I think you and I both have the same problem. I haven't found any material difficult, yet I am scoring somewhere around the median exam score for all the exams despite making efforts to change my study habits. Nothing seems to make a difference. I'm trying to formulate a plan for next semester, only I'm not sure what exactly to change. :-/ Sorry I don't have an answer...just letting you know you're not the only one.
 
I have the same problem! Most of my classmates thrive on subjects where memorization is emphasized (micro, anatomy, etc) but those are my weak subjects. I've found flashcards help a lot. Sure they're dull, but there's no way around the need for repetition.
 
If you are going to use flashcards, use anki.
 
You are just getting older. It's all downhill from here. I know. I'm in my 40's.
Sorry!
 
I had the same problem early on. I got my degree in physics which obviously stresses understanding over knowing facts.

What really helped me do well in the first two years was:
1 - practice questions. Do as many as you am get your hands on as early as possible. If you miss a question once, you shouldn't miss it again. If you do enough questions, most of your test will seem easy.
2 - making good notes. I know this seems basic. I would go through the ppts from class and write down the facts I couldn't repeat. I would trust that I made good notes and then only study from my notes. Every time I went through my notes, I would cut out the stuff I had memorized. By a couple dad before the test, I would only have a few pages of notes to cover while my classmates would have huge stacks of papers or notecards.

Good luck and remember "this too shall pass"
 
I had the same problem early on. I got my degree in physics which obviously stresses understanding over knowing facts.

What really helped me do well in the first two years was:
1 - practice questions. Do as many as you am get your hands on as early as possible. If you miss a question once, you shouldn't miss it again. If you do enough questions, most of your test will seem easy.
2 - making good notes. I know this seems basic. I would go through the ppts from class and write down the facts I couldn't repeat. I would trust that I made good notes and then only study from my notes. Every time I went through my notes, I would cut out the stuff I had memorized. By a couple dad before the test, I would only have a few pages of notes to cover while my classmates would have huge stacks of papers or notecards.

Good luck and remember "this too shall pass"

I just want to second the practice question advice = what usually separates the 50th percentile from the 90th percentile is how many practice questions they were able to do before an exam... robbins review of pathology, utah's webpath, school bought question banks (our school gives us student consult), kaplan qbank, usmlerx, gunnertraining (great for pure memorization)... the amount of questions out there are endless - and most people find a pretty good correlation between how many questions they do and their performance on exams - given that they know the basics of the material presented of course.
 
One of the best tools for memorization is to quiz and recall, followed by multiple spaced repetitions (4+). Some do this with flashcards, others by reciting or rewriting lecture info.
 
One of the best tools for memorization is to quiz and recall, followed by multiple spaced repetitions (4+). Some do this with flashcards, others by reciting or rewriting lecture info.

I am anticipating this problem for myself being a much more conceptual learner-- what do you mean by "multiple spaced repetitions"? Just doing it 4 times which are not consecutive?
 
Thanks for the suggestions. I wish I'd thought to post this earlier, because now we're on to physiology, which is more conceptual and therefor easier for me. But, the straight memorization will be coming back in another subject, I don't doubt.

I have in the past experimented with making audio recordings of my notes and I think that was helpful. I think what was most helpful about it (other than the fact that it allowed me to study after a fashion during my 40-50 minute each way commute for summer orgo) was that it made me in essence teach the material--and teaching is a great way to learn. I tried it earlier this year but found (a) my voice tended to give out before I finished my notes, (b) there were too many diagrams that couldn't easily be related in words. However, for this block, I'm trying a sort of compromise strategy synthesizing the salient material from the book and my lecture notes in paragraph form in my own words. I won't know if it makes a difference until next exam.

I would be very interested in additional sources for practice problems. So far, I've mainly used old exams from my school, but that has not provided the volume of problems I'd like to have. I've been looking into review books, and suggestions would be great.
 
it could be because MS1 material is dry, boring, and pretty much useless in the long run. Sometimes if something is simplistic and unstimulating it is harder to memorize.
 
it could be because MS1 material is dry, boring, and pretty much useless in the long run. Sometimes if something is simplistic and unstimulating it is harder to memorize.

^ agreed
 
People are going to start thinking I'm some kind of troll because I sound like a broken record. For memorization, I don't think there is anything better or more evidenced than spaced repetition. Anki is the best currently available program for spaced repetition flashcards. And it's free! I use it extensively in medical school and other areas of my learning. I don't know what I'd do without it. Check out these posts for guidance on how to use it.

http://drwillbe.blogspot.com/2011/08/anki-guide-for-medical-students.html (check out the comment thread on this one)
http://drwillbe.blogspot.com/2010/11/study-skills.html

Good luck
 
People are going to start thinking I'm some kind of troll because I sound like a broken record. For memorization, I don't think there is anything better or more evidenced than spaced repetition. Anki is the best currently available program for spaced repetition flashcards. And it's free! I use it extensively in medical school and other areas of my learning. I don't know what I'd do without it. Check out these posts for guidance on how to use it.

http://drwillbe.blogspot.com/2011/08/anki-guide-for-medical-students.html (check out the comment thread on this one)
http://drwillbe.blogspot.com/2010/11/study-skills.html

Good luck

I have a lot of my notes in OneNote. How would I go about incorporating that into anki? That's the only thing that's preventing me from using it.

Edit: would it be wiser to anki First Aid and use that to review first year material throughout the year?
 
I have a lot of my notes in OneNote. How would I go about incorporating that into anki? That's the only thing that's preventing me from using it.

Edit: would it be wiser to anki First Aid and use that to review first year material throughout the year?

I recommend the latter. FA is ideal for making cards because you can quickly turn those factoids into discrete, unitary Q&A cards, as suggested in the blog. That's the best way to make cards that you can actually remember.

As for your notes in OneNote, likely they aren't in the proper format for optimal card reviewing. For spaced repetition to really work well, you need discrete Q&A. Some people use flashcards to just present material, literally to 'flash' themselves with bombs of knowledge scribbled onto a card. That's fine, but it's really no different than just making note sheets. It's still a passive process. The magic of spaced repetition is in forcing your mind to recall information. Testing is not merely for assessment, but it is also an integral part of the learning process. Being forced to recall information helps plant that information more firmly in your memory.

So if you wanted to use your class notes, you'd have to re-render the info. I think making FA is much better use of your time. You can rest assured that every card you make is super high yield and with Anki, you have a good chance of actually remembering all your FA reviewing that you did throughout the year. That goes against conventional wisdom that says, "Oh don't bother with FA because you'll forget it all by the end of 2nd year anyway". Normally, that's likely true, but with an organize, SR system, you should be able to keep those hard earned nuggets of knowledge in your head.

I've used Anki to great effect to help me retain all the info I learned in the classroom. I'm not by any means an extraordinary memorizer, but with the right tools, I think everyone can greatly enhance their knowledge retention capabilities.
 
I recommend the latter. FA is ideal for making cards because you can quickly turn those factoids into discrete, unitary Q&A cards, as suggested in the blog. That's the best way to make cards that you can actually remember.

As for your notes in OneNote, likely they aren't in the proper format for optimal card reviewing. For spaced repetition to really work well, you need discrete Q&A. Some people use flashcards to just present material, literally to 'flash' themselves with bombs of knowledge scribbled onto a card. That's fine, but it's really no different than just making note sheets. It's still a passive process. The magic of spaced repetition is in forcing your mind to recall information. Testing is not merely for assessment, but it is also an integral part of the learning process. Being forced to recall information helps plant that information more firmly in your memory.

So if you wanted to use your class notes, you'd have to re-render the info. I think making FA is much better use of your time. You can rest assured that every card you make is super high yield and with Anki, you have a good chance of actually remembering all your FA reviewing that you did throughout the year. That goes against conventional wisdom that says, "Oh don't bother with FA because you'll forget it all by the end of 2nd year anyway". Normally, that's likely true, but with an organize, SR system, you should be able to keep those hard earned nuggets of knowledge in your head.

I've used Anki to great effect to help me retain all the info I learned in the classroom. I'm not by any means an extraordinary memorizer, but with the right tools, I think everyone can greatly enhance their knowledge retention capabilities.

I'll have to do that during spring break or something. Thanks for the advice.
 
I recommend the latter. FA is ideal for making cards because you can quickly turn those factoids into discrete, unitary Q&A cards, as suggested in the blog. That's the best way to make cards that you can actually remember.

As for your notes in OneNote, likely they aren't in the proper format for optimal card reviewing. For spaced repetition to really work well, you need discrete Q&A. Some people use flashcards to just present material, literally to 'flash' themselves with bombs of knowledge scribbled onto a card. That's fine, but it's really no different than just making note sheets. It's still a passive process. The magic of spaced repetition is in forcing your mind to recall information. Testing is not merely for assessment, but it is also an integral part of the learning process. Being forced to recall information helps plant that information more firmly in your memory.

So if you wanted to use your class notes, you'd have to re-render the info. I think making FA is much better use of your time. You can rest assured that every card you make is super high yield and with Anki, you have a good chance of actually remembering all your FA reviewing that you did throughout the year. That goes against conventional wisdom that says, "Oh don't bother with FA because you'll forget it all by the end of 2nd year anyway". Normally, that's likely true, but with an organize, SR system, you should be able to keep those hard earned nuggets of knowledge in your head.

I've used Anki to great effect to help me retain all the info I learned in the classroom. I'm not by any means an extraordinary memorizer, but with the right tools, I think everyone can greatly enhance their knowledge retention capabilities.

I agree with this in theory but it is very impractical to make a note card of everything needed to honor an exam. While I like Anki, it is difficult to use pictures with Anki or transfer 15 lectures into cards for an exam. Effective but not efficient.

Also, everything needed to do well on exams isn't equivalent to what you need to know. So how do you separate the minutia from the key concepts?

From your blog:
When I was in the classroom last year, at some points I was doing 400-600+ cards a day. That's overwhelming. This year, I've been adding much fewer, and my card load of reviews are down to about 100-200/day. That's very manageable. I have nearly 10K cards in circulation right now, and I'm trying to keep that all in my head. It takes a lot of work, but I make it a priority. I use my iPad and iPhone so that I can crush cards everywhere, whenever I have a free moment. I love the Anki mobile app, even though it wasn't cheap.

If you have the time, the right way to do this is to add new cards slowly, no more than 100 a day. I think about 50 is optimal. This way, your future reviews are not massive. Also, your brain can only add so much new information/day. You don't want to overwhelm.

So optimal conditions would be max 100 new cards/day.

You've already described my concerns. To do very well on exams, you would need probably 400+ cards a day. This isn't manageable over the long run because no one retains 400 cards a day over a 2 year period. 100 cards a day wouldn't cut it to do well.
 
I think I'll use anki but only after i have gone through and found things that i think are high yield or minutiae that i cant remember...
 
I agree with this in theory but it is very impractical to make a note card of everything needed to honor an exam. While I like Anki, it is difficult to use pictures with Anki or transfer 15 lectures into cards for an exam. Effective but not efficient.

Also, everything needed to do well on exams isn't equivalent to what you need to know. So how do you separate the minutia from the key concepts?

I look at it like this. Everybody does something. Unless your'e a beast who can just glance his eyes once over some powerpoint slides or whole chapters of Robbins, you must do something else to get it in your head and keep it there. You go to class (or not). You take notes on your powerpoint slides or on a separate piece of paper. Maybe you go home and re-write those notes, or scan those notes a couple of times with your eyes. That all takes times. Lots of it. And that's fine. Learning takes work. But one would hope to be able to keep the fruits of that labor for the future. But that's not what happens with most methods of study in med school. It's more like bulimia. Binge and purge and forget.

I'd argue that whatever it is most people do to study without Anki takes as much time in the short term. Note-taking, sitting in class, making outlines, review sessions, making paper flashcards. It all takes time, and few people are absolved of the need to have to do something more than just show up to class in order to keep all this medical knowledge in our heads. Thus, I'd say that making flashcards on the computer (most cards take me 10 s to make) takes as much time in the short term as anything else one might do. Over the long term, I am certain that this continous, spaced studying methods saves lots of time because one doesn't need to go back to re-learn or review whole areas of knowledge.

So, overall, I'm happy to pay my time tax up front in card-making and be spared the much larger tax I'd have to pay if I did the typical binge/purge method that I see so many of my really smart classmates do.

I should also say, there are many different ways one could use Anki that have varying degrees of intensity and time investment. It's not all or nothing. Let's say instead of using it to curate every single factoid on all your lectures (what you would need to honor, I guess), you pick the very highest yield ones (maybe 30-50% of the factoids). If you made cards for that and did a continuous review, you'd build yourself a solid foundation of knowledge and save yourself the trouble of re-learning a great deal of what you need to know down the road for step 1 and the wards. It's really up to you and your goals. You could even do less and maybe keep 10-20 super duper high yield factoids/week or something like that. At the end of 2 years, that would not be a trivial amount of information that you've permanently burned onto your brain's hard drive.

Anki is not really made for short term cramming. You can do it if you want, and I'd say it would be as effective as any other method of cramming that people do (maybe even more so because of the active recall). It's for the long term though. So for honoring classes, it wouldn't be much different than anything else people use to meet the suboptimal time constraints for knowledge acquisition that medical school places on us.

Anyway, bottom line (finally :laugh:), I don't think card making takes much more time than anything else people do currently in medical school to perform well. If you really add it up and think about what brings people the most value in terms of learning, minute for minute, in the short term, Anki is as good as anything else. For the long term though, which is where SR shines, nothing matches this system, IMHO. All the hard-wrought learning stays with you long after the class is over.

You've already described my concerns. To do very well on exams, you would need probably 400+ cards a day. This isn't manageable over the long run because no one retains 400 cards a day over a 2 year period. 100 cards a day wouldn't cut it to do well.

So, my situation was unique. I go to a school where we do all our preclinical learning in 1 year. So I was learning at 2x speed. In order to keep up with the class AND capture all the information that I wanted to retain for the long term (for Step 1 and just for life) I had to crush that many cards. I admit, it was suboptimal. Not what I would choose to do. And, because most medical students in the country have 2 years instead of 1, I think it's very manageable to use Anki to study for class and beyond.

One more thing I should clear up. Yes, at one point I was doing like 400+ cards a day because I was adding and reviewing an ungodly number/day when my class was moving at a ridiculous pace. But once the semester ended and I stopped adding 400 turns into 200 and then 100 and then even less. I have 10K cards in circulation right now. That's a ridiculous number of factoids to keep in mind. But I only see about 100-200 cards a day for maintenance now. That takes me about an hour to review. In the time I take goofing off on SDN, I could do all my cards 🙂 It's not hard at all because it's just become a part of my routine. On line at the store, walking down the hall to another part of the hospital, while waiting around between rounds. I'm always crushing cards. So that's the magic of SR. The spacing enables you to manage thousands of facts because they get longer and longer spacing. You only see the hard things. Easy cards get pushed back further into the future until you almost never see them at all. I've got cards now with time stamps of 2.5 years because I've answered them right so many times.

Wheew.. that was a lot. I know I sound like a zealot. My apologies. I just get excited about sharing something that I've gotten so much benefit from. As I say to anyone who asks, don't force it. This is what works for me. Give it a try. Tailor it to your goals. If it doesn't help or it become a hindrance, drop it. No worries. At the end of the day, whatever works is what is best, but if you're the kind of person who is distressed by wasted effort and likes systematic, logical study methods, I think Anki is the best thing there is.

Good luck
 
I think I'll use anki but only after i have gone through and found things that i think are high yield or minutiae that i cant remember...

For sure. You can use it to remember whatever you want. Whatever you judge to be of importance to you and whatever you want to keep rock solid in your mind is what merits a card. The technology is content agnostic. People use it for foreign language, computer programming, science, history, humanities, etc. And you can do as little or as many cards as you would like. I think for med school, First Aid is the minimum base of knowledge that everyone has to have to perform well on the boards and in their classes. I think it's a great first place to look for factoids to capture with Anki. Anything else you add is bonus and is based on your judgement of the value of some factoid.
 
recall.gif


Do the same every 5 days or so.
 
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