1) The Hering-Breuer reflex:
A) Increases pulmonary rate
B) Prolongs Inspiration
C) Terminates expiration
D) Plays an important role in the regulation of breathing at rest
2) Stimulation of beta-2 adrenoreceptor causes:
A) Relaxion of vascular smooth muscle
B) Contraction of vascular smooth muscle
C) Increase in heart rate
D) A and C are correct
3) Central chemoreceptors are stimulated directly by:
A) Carbon Dioxide from the blood
B) Prolongs inspiration
c) terminates expiration
d) plays an important role in breathing at rest
4) Lesion of the upper motor neuron results in:
A) Spastic paralysis and hyporeflexia
B) Babinski sign and flaccid paralysis
C) Babinski sign and hyporeflexia
D) Increased muscle tone and clonus
5) Why is perceptual priming relatively spared in Alzheimer's?
A) Because perceptual memory is a form of procedural memory, which is intact in Alzheimer's patients
B) Because the hippocampus (which is damaged in Alzheimer's patients) is not needed for priming
C) Because perceptual priming relies on cortical sensory areas, which are relatively intact in Alzheimer's Disease
D) A and B are correct
6) Which properties of the conductive system of the heart protect from premature excitations?
A) Long period of absolute refraction in the av node
B) Slow conduction of impulses in the av node
C) Long plateau in purkinje fibers
d) all of the above
7) Indicate a correct statement:
A) Hyperthropic cardiomyopathy is associated with mutation of sarcomere proteins
b) inflammation of cardiac muscle is the most frequent cause of the hyperthropic cardiac myopathy
c) inflammation of the cardiac muscle does not contain cardic arrhythmia
d) sinus node arrythmia is the most frequent cause of the his bundle block
8) Indicate correct answer:
A) Hyperaldosternism causes hyperalkemia
b) hyperaldnesterism may be caused by liver cirrhosis
c) the liddle syndrome is associated with symptoms of hypoaldosteroism
d) hypoaldosternism results in enhanced activity of H+ATPase in the renal tubules
9) A patient with metabolic acidosis and healthy respiratory system is going to present with:
A) Kussmaul breathing, hypocapnia
b) kussmaul breathing, hypercapnia
c) bradypnoe, hypocapnia
d) bradypnoe, hypercapnia
10) Sensitisization of pain in the spinal cord invoves all, except for:
A) Inhibition of interneurons
B) Stimulation of sertotonin 5-HTI receptors
C) Activation of the NMDA receptor
D) Activation of the cyclooxygenase COX-2
11) Physiological response to sodium deficit involves:
A) Increased thirst followed by increased sodium appetite
B) Increased sodium appetite followed by increased thirst
c) increase of thirst and sodium appetite at the same time
d) only increase in sodium appetite
12) Estrogens:
A) Have anabolic effects
b) increase body temperature
c) galactorrhea
d) all answers are correct
A) Increases pulmonary rate
B) Prolongs Inspiration
C) Terminates expiration
D) Plays an important role in the regulation of breathing at rest
2) Stimulation of beta-2 adrenoreceptor causes:
A) Relaxion of vascular smooth muscle
B) Contraction of vascular smooth muscle
C) Increase in heart rate
D) A and C are correct
3) Central chemoreceptors are stimulated directly by:
A) Carbon Dioxide from the blood
B) Prolongs inspiration
c) terminates expiration
d) plays an important role in breathing at rest
4) Lesion of the upper motor neuron results in:
A) Spastic paralysis and hyporeflexia
B) Babinski sign and flaccid paralysis
C) Babinski sign and hyporeflexia
D) Increased muscle tone and clonus
5) Why is perceptual priming relatively spared in Alzheimer's?
A) Because perceptual memory is a form of procedural memory, which is intact in Alzheimer's patients
B) Because the hippocampus (which is damaged in Alzheimer's patients) is not needed for priming
C) Because perceptual priming relies on cortical sensory areas, which are relatively intact in Alzheimer's Disease
D) A and B are correct
6) Which properties of the conductive system of the heart protect from premature excitations?
A) Long period of absolute refraction in the av node
B) Slow conduction of impulses in the av node
C) Long plateau in purkinje fibers
d) all of the above
7) Indicate a correct statement:
A) Hyperthropic cardiomyopathy is associated with mutation of sarcomere proteins
b) inflammation of cardiac muscle is the most frequent cause of the hyperthropic cardiac myopathy
c) inflammation of the cardiac muscle does not contain cardic arrhythmia
d) sinus node arrythmia is the most frequent cause of the his bundle block
8) Indicate correct answer:
A) Hyperaldosternism causes hyperalkemia
b) hyperaldnesterism may be caused by liver cirrhosis
c) the liddle syndrome is associated with symptoms of hypoaldosteroism
d) hypoaldosternism results in enhanced activity of H+ATPase in the renal tubules
9) A patient with metabolic acidosis and healthy respiratory system is going to present with:
A) Kussmaul breathing, hypocapnia
b) kussmaul breathing, hypercapnia
c) bradypnoe, hypocapnia
d) bradypnoe, hypercapnia
10) Sensitisization of pain in the spinal cord invoves all, except for:
A) Inhibition of interneurons
B) Stimulation of sertotonin 5-HTI receptors
C) Activation of the NMDA receptor
D) Activation of the cyclooxygenase COX-2
11) Physiological response to sodium deficit involves:
A) Increased thirst followed by increased sodium appetite
B) Increased sodium appetite followed by increased thirst
c) increase of thirst and sodium appetite at the same time
d) only increase in sodium appetite
12) Estrogens:
A) Have anabolic effects
b) increase body temperature
c) galactorrhea
d) all answers are correct
