Several of the programs (if not all) that I interviewed with this past year definitely had elective time. Most of them were in the PGY3 year but some were as early as PGY2. (There were a handful of programs with 2 elective periods.) The ones that I can remember off the top of my head where residents went abroad during their elective time are: UCSF, UPitt, BIDMC, OHSU, Seattle, Denver, Univ of Chicago, and Brown. UCSF is very big on international experience and some of the residents were even doing international-related research projects. I believe UPitt was in the process of even giving some sort of funding for their residents to go abroad in the future. I think for the most part it is your decision what to do with your elective time: research at your program, international experience, etc. It is usually up to you to find and plan your own elective time, but the upper level residents are usually a good place to start and ask on the interview trail!