Ophthalmology residency can be a great time for families depending on where you choose to train and how you and your spouse choose to divide the labor. My wife and I are expecting our fourth child this week. My wife chose to be a homemaker while our children are young. She provides the constant nurturing that children need while allowing me the time to focus on my training. When ophthalmology work is finished for the day, my wife and I work together, taking care of the children and other family needs. It helps that the residency where I am training regards family as a higher priority than career.
Finances can be tight when a family of 5 tries to subsist off of a resident's salary. Nevertheless, it can be done without feeling that you are poor or that you are on the edge of financial disaster. However, to make it work, some sacrifices are required. For example, I avoided programs in expensive cities with a high cost of living because I knew we would not make it on one salary.