+1
Why is it necessary to have race-based affirmative action in addition to class-based affirmative action? Class-based affirmative action seeks to compensate (not overcompensate) for the disadvantages that students of low socioeconomic groups have endured. Many racial minorities do not suffer the same disadvantages.
Yes, there is a question on AMCAS asking about socioeconomic disadvantage. However, class-based affirmative action is certainly not the emphasis in our society. The Common App asks no such question; yet, it does ask applicants to provide their race.
Nor is any preference given (usually) to LGBT applicants or religious minorities, many of whom have suffered comparable or more severe discrimination than racial minorities.
Getting back to the case at hand, whether racial AA is good policy or not, I find it difficult to believe that the race-based affirmative action will survive strict scrutiny:
Even if URM's tend to practice in underserved areas (to meet the compelling governmental interest test), race-based affirmative action explicitly violates the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment. For areas outside medicine, I have no idea what the compelling governmental interest would be. IMO, diversity in and of itself would meet the rational basis test but would not survive strict scrutiny.
Race-based affirmative action is not the least restrictive means for furthering such an interest. There are many other less restrictive policies, including increased funding for minority communities, STEM internships for URM's, scholarships, service commitments, etc.