silica gel

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superduper12

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just wanted to make sure i had this right.

silica gel is used as a nonpolar stationary phase in paper chromatography. non polar molecules will travel less and polar molecules will travel more.

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No, you've got it backwards. Silica gel is used as the stationary phase, but it is a polar compound so polar molecules will interact with the stationary phase more and travel less.
 
does anyone know what the chemical formula is for silica gel...perhaps seeing it would help me remember.
 
nono, it's the opposite. silica gel is very polar. so more polar material moves more slowly than nonpolar material, which feels less attraction from the silica gel. it's used in TLC and column chromatography (not paper chromatography).

obviously you've got the reasoning down right (that if the stationary phase is nonpolar, nonpolar compounds will migrate more slowly, and if the stationary phase is polar, polar compounds will migrate more slowly) so the only thing you need to do is remember that silica is polar. how can you do this? well, I have two suggestions:

first, you can just remember that silica is silicon dioxide. silicon-oxygen bonds are polar for the same reason carbon-oxygen bonds are polar.

the alternative is that you can remember that there's something called reverse-phase chromatography where long chain hydrocarbons are attached to the silica to make it nonpolar. this is called C18 silica (because it's made of 18-carbon long hydrocarbons). so you could just remember that, because this one has the hydrocarbons, it's nonpolar, while regular silica will be the opposite, so it's polar.

hope that's clear

EDIT: heh, quantum beat me to it! but that's the formula, silicon dioxide (SiO2)
 
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keep in mind though, in 'reverse phase' chromotography, the silica is modified to be non-polar and a polar solvent is used.

Unless explicitly stated, however, the MCAT refers only to normal phase. I don't know if they would ask about reverse, but it was in one of my review books.
 
ok,

chromatography: silica(polar): non polar solvent: polar molecules travel slowly

reverse chromatography: silica + carbon chain (nonpolar): polar solvent: non polar molecules travel slowly
 
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