I am currently a radiation oncology resident. My friends in dermatology residencies have brought it to my attention that superficial x-ray treatments for non-melanoma skin cancers are coming back into popularity. Apparently it was the rage in the 1960's and 70's. There are a couple of companies that are marketing these new small orthovoltage machines to dermatologists for around 200k with a company to outsource the physics. They bill simulations and treatment with the same CPT codes that we use. I did not realize that someone other then a radiation oncologist could deliver ionizing radiation, even at superficial kv energies, for the treatment of cancer. Is there an exemption because it is superficial? Do you not even need an exemption? Is it depenedent on the state and if so what states do not require a radiation oncologist? Can anyone do it? Could a neurosuregeon treat a patient with Gammaknife without a radiation oncologist? Thanks.