I'm not sure if this will help but I'll share my experiences anyway. I got in this cycle.
I had two slightly different adversity questions but I basically had the same answer. One was just general "how did you cope" and the other asked you to describe specific outside sources of help besides your parents, so I made sure to focus on that more for that essay, but otherwise they were very similar. I talked about an emergency surgery I had during college. I decided to call it an "emergency surgery" and not give any details beyond that after talking to both my dad (doctor/interviews candidates for residency positions) and a pre-med advisor. They agreed that I didn't need to get into dramatics because the essay was more about coping skills, like others have said here, and that I also wanted to give the impression that I didn't still have severe health problems going on that could impact my ability to be a physician. I simply called it an "emergency surgery" and stated somewhere in the essay that it was a one-time deal and no longer caused problems, not an on-going thing (obviously phrased better). Which is true, but I figured the more direct and simple, the better. I think it was literally 1-2 lines "when I was working for X over the summer, I had to have emergency surgery" and that was pretty much it for the description. For the rest of the essay, I talked about how I coped with that and overcame it. Both personal stuff (like keeping up with hobbies, talking to friends for support, etc.) and things at work (like I was able to start back pretty soon because I worked out a flexible schedule where I would just come in as much as I could; we compromised by presenting part of our research at the end-of session poster presentation and then got an extension for the time I missed). I thought it (hopefully) showed that I obviously got knocked down a bit, but I had healthy coping skills, and I still honored my commitments as much as I was able to.
I got asked a question about a personal adversity in an interview and another similarly phrased question. So I talked about the above for one of those questions. For the other one I talked about how I am/have always been very short and sometimes people can underestimate me or don't even listen to me because they can't take me seriously. For both of the interview questions I did the same format, like one or two sentences describing what happened, and the rest was about coping skills and what I did to overcome the situation.
Not putting the whole "story" in there was something I struggled with, maybe because I am an English major, and I knew I could write it in an engaging way. It was also a really good/crazy story! But, that is the type of stuff that sells memoirs, not applications. A dramatic story sounds impressive to the average person but really doesn't say a lot about your character or coping skills to the adcoms. I had to make an effort to focus on what I personally did and how I coped, rather than the wow factor of the story. Be explicit, with "from this experience I learned ___" "I was able to rely on my friend X to talk about my problems and I know in the future when I am in a bad situation, talking to my friends will help" etc. Obviously make the second one less awkwardly worded 😉
As for the interviews, at least with me they were not allowed to explicitly ask about my health status, pretty sure that's a legal no-no. One interviewer asked "how do you feel?" and I thought she was trying to ask if I had ongoing problems so I said something like "I feel great and I don't have any ongoing problems from the surgery." (I wanted to make sure not to give the "sick" impression.) One school brought up stuff in my PS (I had talked vaguely about childhood medical problems and how that was my first exposure - mentioned one disease by name but that's it), but did not go beyond what I had said in there. They simply asked me to elaborate more on how that piqued my interest in medicine, and why I still wanted to pursue the career today. So I think if you mention it, you can definitely stay within your comfort range of what you talked about. I don't think they are going to be like, "Soooo! Tell me more about your assault; that sounds so fascinating!" LOL (Sorry if that sounds insensitive; that's the point.) I think any questions would be more like, "You mentioned in one of your secondary essays that you were assaulted and you said you learned a lot from that experience. Can you tell me more about how you coped with that? I'm interested to learn how you were able to [still focus on school, recover, etc.] after an experience like that." Basically focusing on how you overcame what happened instead of the dramatic story.
I hope that helps! I think maybe 1-3 lines depending on the character limit are fine; you want to make the bulk of the essay about how you coped and what you learned. You can even use the euphemism during interviews if they ask, that's exactly what I did. I said "emergency surgery" a LOT during the interview rounds lol.