Types of DNA Damage and Repair

[alicealicealice]

I keep getting these confused, U World asks very specific questions about these things. Any additions/corrections?

Source: Type of Damage: Type of Repair: Enzymes Needed: Assoc. Disease

• UVB light
  • Pyrimidine (Thymidine) Dimers
  • Nucleotide Excision Repair
    • UV Endonuclease, 5'-3' exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase, 5'-3' polyerase activity of DNA polymerase, DNA ligase [Source:UWorld]
  • Xeroderma Pigmentosa (defective UV endonuclease)
• Ionizing Radiation
  • Double Stranded DNA breaks
  • Non homologous end joining
    • ATM gene and protein (?)
  • Ataxia Telangiectasia
• Alkylating Agents, Nitrates in diet, Toxins
  • Deamination (C, A, or G-->uracil, xanthine, hypoxanthine)
  • Base excision repair (preserves phosphodiester backbone)
    • Glycosylase (removes base), Endonuclease (cleaves 5' end), Lyase (Cleaves 3' end), DNA polymerase (replaces nucleotide), Ligase (seals nick)
  • Fanconi Anemia
• Repeated sequences of non-coding DNA not faithfully replicated
  • Microsatellite Instability
  • DNA Mismatch Repair
    • ? Exonuclease, Polymerase, Ligase
  • HNPCC (Lynch)

• Chromosomal Instability
  • Bloom Syndrome
  • DNA helicase gene
  • Cancer

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[GangaMaster]

I find these hard to memorize and make connections. I'd appreciate any help as well.