The amount of vacation time physicians are granted has little correlation with that given for "professionals". It varies all over the map based on specialty, practice setting, and individual desires. Some examples:
In some private practices in specialties such as rads, anesth, and pathology, it is not uncommon to get 8+ weeks of vacation annually. Usually there is a set rotation schedule, with call/night/weekend responsibilities and time off shared amongst the employees and partners.
Typical private practice setting for specialties that have direct patient care responsibilities (IM, peds, surgery, etc.) can expect 3-4 initially.
In some academic settings, it is typical to have a specified number of months for which you are required to be on service. During those months, you are very, very busy (aka, no time off). However, outside that time, it is possible to have quite a bit of flexibility in the amount of outpatient clinic time you want to pick up. Of course, you will get paid less, but for some the tradeoff is worthwhile.
Full-time employees of hospitals, including those with administrative/management responsibilities, typically can expect 3-4 based on service time (with the possibility of going to 5-6 after many years).
The longer you practice, the more flexibility you have. An experienced, senior surgeon who is well known is likely to be given more flexiblity to set his/her vacation schedule and vacation time than someone who just completed residency.
All of these are rules of thumb. There are/will be exceptions, in some cases the exceptions outnumbering the typical.