I had not thought of this. Sounds like a great idea! Not really sure where to start looking for such a program. Can you think of any off hand?
Um, pretty much any university is going to have masters degrees.
The kicker is that you need a PI (principle investigator) who will get you published. You're dead in the water without one. Doesn't matter if you get accepted to a <difficult bioscience> masters at <prestigious school> and get in the lab of somebody famous, if <famous researcher> is a dick who doesn't give a crap about you. Problem is that it's REALLY hard to find out whether a PI is a dick or not before you're in too deep to get out. So you need to get where you can get the inside info, either from former students or current lab members or Pubmed/Facebook cross-stalking etc.
Start by picking some universities (at least one with a med school) and find some grad programs such as microbiology, neuroscience, genetics etc. Read until you've wrapped your brain around how grad work in science is done. (When are you supposed to apply? How long is the program? What funding is available?) Work until you can connect the dots to which faculty members are actively publishing, and seek out opportunities to network with those PIs. Use your prereq classmates and teachers to help you understand if you get lost. I'd probably recommend looking at pharm (you actually know what atropine is), pulm (vent settings), and micro (you know what c.diff smells like). Just understand that your burden is proving your
academics so don't go with soft science. But you need to work on something you're at least a LITTLE bit interested in.
Lab vs. clinical research is another kicker. Bench labwork is the gold standard for research. But it's the hardest for getting a paper, because you have no idea what you're doing until you've invested multiple years. Clinical research can pigeonhole you into doing stats & consents & IRBs and that's not proving your academics. You want to be doing horrifying things to some mice, or at least to worms. You want some heated discussions about the behavior of aortic endothelial cells in vitro vs. in vivo that involve ordering pizza and staying until 2 am.
Some made up examples of co-authored papers you'd have on your CV before med school if you do it right:
"Trabecular breakdown after extended blunt trauma in fibulas of diabetic mice"
"Increased calcium channel upregulation in urothelial cells treated in vitro with tamoxifen"
"Sublime slime: a novel algal biofilm with anti-inflammation properties"
Really. I totally just made those up. I'm on the other side of where you want to be, and I know all those words. You will too. But for now you most likely have no idea what any of it means. But just based on the titles, these would be relatively short projects that involve doing long hours of scutwork and number crunching and painful drafting of manuscripts in support of a PI who needs to keep his NIH funding and can pay you an itty bitty stipend and give you an LOR and mostly just needs your labor.
Again, doing a research masters is ONE way to get a better med school app after academic damage. Most med school applicants THINK they have research experience, which means they washed petri dishes that one time and went to that one IRB meeting. Most med school applicants did NOT publish anything. Very few med schools EXPECT you to have pubs.
Also find out what an SMP is in the postbac forum, down under interdisciplinary.
Best of luck to you.