They give you NOOOOOOTHING.
But asking such a question implies that you're getting a little too deep for the material they seek from you.
A good question example would be this:
A train is coming at you. When you first notice, you hear a whistle. A few moments later, it blows its whistle again. The second time you hear it, is this whistle:
1. Higher in frequency than when you first heard it?
2. The same frequency as when you first heard it?
3. Lower in frequency than when you first heard it?
Another example is, on my MCAT, I had some bizarre question about a pulsar in a distant star cluster. When I read it a couple times it became obvious that this was actually a question about the properties of redshift and blueshift. That is, is this redshift, blueshift, or niether? Much easier to answer when you understand the basic concepts - and no calculator is required.
In fact, I can confidently state that specific equations are unimportant when compared to the simple knowledge of whether something is directly or indirectly proportional to a given variable.
This may sound a little simplistic. It is in a way, as this simple method doesn't account for your psychological response to the ridiculous, yet intelligent-sounding, answers they list in the question. The response to this is to ignore unimportant answers and have confidence in your knowledge of the basics. Bull**** may sound convincing, but go with what you know, not with what you don't.
