When choosing an MD/PhD program, what has turned out to be most important?

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neuro raqs

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After interviewing at some places, I've found that factors like research compatible with my interests, quality of the program in my area of interest, the type of program (size, hands on vs. hands off, etc., flexible or rigid requirements), and location seem to jump out as really important factors for me. What I'm not sure about is which of these factors matter most. I'm hoping some of the MD/PhD students could weigh in on what has turned out to be really important.

as an example: At one school I loved the research there, thought the program was run well, but the location seemed miserable. At another I loved the location, the way the program is run, but it didn't seem that strong in my area of interest. Would exciting research really balance out 8 years (all of my twenties) in a crappy location? Would it be better to take a possibly weaker research choice, if everything else is outstanding?
Based on those factors which would you choose? In retrospect what is most important? 😕
 
Hey Neuro,
Excellent questions. I'd like to hear the perspectives of other MD/PhD students as well, as I am in a similar position as you. The factors I've been considering are like yours: research opportunities, program administration, location (and affordability), medical education quality and general 'feel' that I got from interacting with the people at each school. How to rank these is the question, and I want to see if my order jives with others.
 
my priorities as I think about them roughly are:

1--(and I don't really know how to phrase this so it doesn't sound cheesy, but) what program is going to maximize my potential, that will help me become the best possible physician-scientist that I am capable of being? I think to know the answer, you need a bit of self-knowledge: how do you learn, how much guidance do you need, what kind of people do you want to be surrounded by? For me, I know I need a largeish program with a lot of guidance+flexibility--where the administration is in place to help me with whatever problems come up. This is also about the research--what program gives me access to inspiring scientists?--but I'd also need a lot of help finding the right thesis lab, I think.

2--financially, what situation makes the most sense? This is about location but also about stipend and health insurance. I know this isn't as important to some people, and that many have argued and will argue that it should not be a factor at all, but if I do not feel financially secure in a given situation, I am miserable&stressed. So again, just being honest about myself and my own needs.

3--how do I feel about the location as a place to live, explore, eat? Can my boyfriend find a job in that area? Do I feel at home there? Can I sell my car and utilize excellent public transportation instead? (I really want to sell my car.) This is 3rd priority for me, not because I'm a robot but because in general I take pleasure in things that can be done anywhere of a certain size, and I almost without exception applied to schools in cities. Also, to be honest, there is so much training left after graduating that you will still have time to go to new places. So I loved San Francisco but I don't think I'm a good fit for UCSF--and maybe I'll apply there for residency. And St. Louis isn't a vegan-friendly city that mandates everyone to compost, but it does have a huge botanic garden and lots of green space, plus also water.

Anyway, that's how I'm thinking about things right now, though I'm far from making a decision.

Location was a factor that I didn't consider much when choosing the school to attend, but it's probably one of the most important things to consider. Would you be happy living there for the next 8-10 years of your life?
 
When considering programs, I ended choosing one which was more broadly excellent in my graduate program of interest rather than just my specific sub-area. Your interests tend to evolve once you start a program, so it's really a boon to have a lot of options and resources associated with a larger university system. I also met with students in the program on my interview and immediately thought "wow, I like these people and feel like I'd fit in with them."

Imagine what you'd like to be doing after your MSTP (hard to think that far out), and decide if a specific program can get you there. If it can, move on to other considerations about how happy you'd be at the school because being happy makes all the difference (IMO). For some people, happiness comes from being in warmer weather or a big city or close to family. Others like to have their dollar stretch a little further. If a program jumps out at you as somewhere you'd be particularly happy, I think it should get some serious consideration.This is especially true if you are bringing along a significant other. I chose the city I liked the most (and was affordable) and my fiancee loves it here.
 
Average time to completion should be your primary concern. Picking a medical school where you can excel and stand out is also helpful. You should finish debt free.

If you want a basic science career you will need to complete at least one postdoc (plan 3-5 years, more often 5, at a top institution) after the typical 5+ years of residency/fellowship training. Anything over 7 years as a mudphud is a waste of time at this stage and your residency/post-doc will be much more important in setting you up for an Ast. Prof position. I cringe every time I see an applicant who slaved away in an MD/PhD program for 9-10 years (more and more common over the last 5 years I have been interviewing), often they have a less impressive CV than those that finished in 7 years (or even than the occasional productive med student who took a year off for research).
 
+1

Also ask what steps they take to ensure you don't take a decade to graduate. If they just shrug their shoulders, DANGER DANGER!

-X

Average time to completion should be your primary concern. Picking a medical school where you can excel and stand out is also helpful. You should finish debt free.

If you want a basic science career you will need to complete at least one postdoc (plan 3-5 years, more often 5, at a top institution) after the typical 5+ years of residency/fellowship training. Anything over 7 years as a mudphud is a waste of time at this stage and your residency/post-doc will be much more important in setting you up for an Ast. Prof position. I cringe every time I see an applicant who slaved away in an MD/PhD program for 9-10 years (more and more common over the last 5 years I have been interviewing), often they have a less impressive CV than those that finished in 7 years (or even than the occasional productive med student who took a year off for research).
 
Average time to completion should be your primary concern. Picking a medical school where you can excel and stand out is also helpful. You should finish debt free.

If you want a basic science career you will need to complete at least one postdoc (plan 3-5 years, more often 5, at a top institution) after the typical 5+ years of residency/fellowship training. Anything over 7 years as a mudphud is a waste of time at this stage and your residency/post-doc will be much more important in setting you up for an Ast. Prof position. I cringe every time I see an applicant who slaved away in an MD/PhD program for 9-10 years (more and more common over the last 5 years I have been interviewing), often they have a less impressive CV than those that finished in 7 years (or even than the occasional productive med student who took a year off for research).

Excepting Harvard's well known unusually long time to graduation, aren't almost all of the MSTP's averaging around 8? So you're saying, essentially, that it's not worth doing an MD/PhD at all... Time to graduation depends only partly on the student, it often depends on the mentor and project chosen just as much.
 
1) Time to completion - good luck getting done in 6 years Gryic. 7-8 years is reasonable. Once you get in, ask to see the actual figures.

2) Location - a place you can be happy in for 7-8 years. Helps to have family nearby, I've found, it's nice to have a short plane or car ride home to get away from the stress of med/grad school. Check out student's homes, ask'em how much they pay for rent, ask them what they do on a typical Friday/Sat night, if you're an outdoorsy type make sure there's outdoorsy stuff to do nearby, etc.

3) Clinical training - diversity in both the patient population (socioeconomically, ethnically, different diseases, urban/rural, etc.) and clinical training (good residency programs in a wide variety of specialties is a good proxy for med student training, don't pick just one specialty you think you're going to go into though, look for places that give you a lot of options)
 
Actually, I did finish in 6 years, everything worked out grand and I truly enjoyed those years (I think I have posted previously how I did this). I admit that this was rare, but still, in my group, 7 was more common than 8. I guess it fits that training times will lengthen, but if this gets much worse, the average age for a mudphud to get an R01 will push past 45 (it was 42 last time I checked) ... If a program really cares about your future then they should do everything possible to reverse this trend towards longer training IMO.

1) Time to completion - good luck getting done in 6 years Gryic. 7-8 years is reasonable. Once you get in, ask to see the actual figures.

2) Location - a place you can be happy in for 7-8 years. Helps to have family nearby, I've found, it's nice to have a short plane or car ride home to get away from the stress of med/grad school. Check out student's homes, ask'em how much they pay for rent, ask them what they do on a typical Friday/Sat night, if you're an outdoorsy type make sure there's outdoorsy stuff to do nearby, etc.

3) Clinical training - diversity in both the patient population (socioeconomically, ethnically, different diseases, urban/rural, etc.) and clinical training (good residency programs in a wide variety of specialties is a good proxy for med student training, don't pick just one specialty you think you're going to go into though, look for places that give you a lot of options)
 
Hey Everyone! Thanks for your insight! So location and time to finish seem big (which makes sense when you're in for the long haul😉). Something I've been wondering is how important is the grad program itself.

1. My premed advisers always said the PhD is what matters first the MD is secondary to that, essentially go for the best PhD program. How do you figure that out? I've talked to past P.I.s and will definitely ask them again once I have to start making real decisions. But could anyone offer advice on what makes a PhD program a good one? Is it who is on the faculty? The number of faculty? Having a variety or a well developed niche in the field? Is it the courses available and who teaches them? I'm kind of stumped with this one.

2. Overall, how important is the available research opportunities when picking a school? I've visited schools and met faculty who were doing some of the most amazing research and would be fantastic mentors, and thought "I want to go here to work with this person or one of these three people". But again I'm looking a starting 2 years from when I enroll, that person could have moved on, and I'd be feeling a bit screwed. Do people generally pick a school for a particular person or a few people? I don't know, it seems risky. On the other hand, I think the potential to find a fascinating, meaningful research project exists nearly anywhere. In either of these cases, I would conclude that as long as the school has a decent number of possible research opportunities (and a number of schools have this so it doesn't really narrow anything), the importance of research opportunities doesn't seem as high. Is this wrong? I feel like the research should be very important in the end, but logically it doesn't seem to be.

Should things like location and time to degree (things that probably aren't as significant in the beginning, but sure as hell make a difference in the middle) weigh out the research, which seems very important now as you meet faculty and talk about what might be your future interests?

sorry to ramble, but I've been turning this over and over in my head for the last week or so. I wish there was an MD/PhD rank or a book for this... make life easier (or probably more confuzzling)
 
your questions are too vague and generalized. If you are looking at a specific pair, some of the experts on the board might make some more informed comments. These comparisons are by nature very personalized and there aren't any guidelines to follow. Academics make these choices throughout their careers, and even though they are anxious decisions to make, you have to realize that in the end there aren't bad choices.
 
I guess it fits that training times will lengthen, but if this gets much worse, the average age for a mudphud to get an R01 will push past 45 (it was 42 last time I checked).

Gyric, I'm curious about where you found this statistic. Was it in a recent paper or report?
 
Gyric, I'm curious about where you found this statistic. Was it in a recent paper or report?

When I went to pitt mstp interview, they said the average age to get an R01 right now is 38 for MDPHDs
 
IMO, go with the strongest research program.

IMO its not worth it to spend less than 3 years on ur phd as that's nowhere enough to get enough solid publications. Many people think that you'll have to do a postdoc anyways (assuming you want to become a PI in the future) which is false. My PI was a 8-year MD/PHD who ran a lab right after graduation. He did publish first author in science and Nat genetics, so not everyone will be able to follow his example. That said, IMO, and again I probably have a different mind set, is that if you do an excellent job as a PHD, you can cut off years of doing a postdoc or skip it completely. Why not just do it right the first round?
 
When considering programs, I ended choosing one which was more broadly excellent in my graduate program of interest rather than just my specific sub-area. Your interests tend to evolve once you start a program, so it's really a boon to have a lot of options and resources associated with a larger university system. I also met with students in the program on my interview and immediately thought "wow, I like these people and feel like I'd fit in with them."

Imagine what you'd like to be doing after your MSTP (hard to think that far out), and decide if a specific program can get you there. If it can, move on to other considerations about how happy you'd be at the school because being happy makes all the difference (IMO). For some people, happiness comes from being in warmer weather or a big city or close to family. Others like to have their dollar stretch a little further. If a program jumps out at you as somewhere you'd be particularly happy, I think it should get some serious consideration.This is especially true if you are bringing along a significant other. I chose the city I liked the most (and was affordable) and my fiancee loves it here.

This is the most sound advice so far.
Your advisor is correct in that the PhD>MD in your decision making. Trust me. You should pick the program that has the most number of PIs within your field of interest. Don't ever go where there is that one guy you want to work with. Chances are, they will either 1)be gone by the time you get to the PhD 2) are full/not taking students 3) your interests change 4) they are a jerk.

Also important:
1. in general, pick places with a better "name" all else being the same
2. cost of living is probably more important overall than "fun-ness" of a city.
3. Ave. time to graduation is only marginally important, IMO. There are no guarantees for YOU, despite any averages. It does mean something, but really, with all other factors, shouldn't matter too much.

feel free to PM with any questions.
 
I don't understand why this is. I was able to live off the MSTP salary, buy a house, go on two vacations a year, and eat at some of the best restaurants in the world and live in one of the most expensive cities in the country.

And I'm not the exception. Two other students in my year bought places. As did three more students in the year above.

Don't assume.

e
2. cost of living is probably more important overall than "fun-ness" of a city.
 
I don't understand why this is. I was able to live off the MSTP salary, buy a house, go on two vacations a year, and eat at some of the best restaurants in the world and live in one of the most expensive cities in the country.

And I'm not the exception. Two other students in my year bought places. As did three more students in the year above.

Don't assume.

Not sure why you think I'm assuming anything. This is my opinion. I did not explain why, but I will now.
I think that cost of living is more attactive than perceived "fun factor" for several reasons. First, cost of living indexes are pretty standard and are, in a way, more "true" than something totally subjective, like how fun a city is. For example, if you are choosing between Oklahoma City and Chicago, it is pretty much fact that it is cheaper to live in Oklahoma. Your dollar will go farther. You will be able to buy a house with few problems, and get to decide on the neighborhood. Your quality of life, based on economic factors, will be better. No one can really argue that (I have not ever been to Oklahoma, but I am assuming that the cost of living is substantially less than Chicago and using this as an example). Many people would choose to go to Chicago because it is more "fun", without really ever seeing what life in Oklahoma is like. You may, in retrospect, love living in Oklahoma City. You may love Chicago. You may hate both. If you go to Chicago, you won't know what Oklahoma City is really like (and vice versa). But no one can argue that going to Oklahoma City would give you a better economic quality of life. Now, if you've lived in Oklahoma your whole life and hate it, by all means you know exactly what the cost (economic and lifestyle) of you staying there is. But most people will judge a city without really knowing what it's like, and I think that's the problem I am addressing, and it's better to go with a known factory like economic quality of life.

Secondly, your life as a student is filled with work. Some of us were lucky enough to spend every afternoon surfing on a beach. Most of us probably worked 6 days a week, and didn't have much time to have a life outside med/grad school and our school lives. I'm not saying you never get to go outside, but how often are you really enjoying those things that you could not get elsewhere?

And Sloux, you mention you were able to buy a house in an "expensive" market. Great for you. I have no idea where you live, but unless you are already wealthy, or have wealthy parents who will buy you property, expensive cities are prohibitive for buying property as a med student. I assume this is the case for most students. I could be wrong and you are all millionaires already. Or maybe you live 30 min away from the city you are talking about. But if you are in a city with low cost of living, you can live wherever you want. If you live in Boston, where can you buy property? SF? NY? Chicago? Making $25K per year, in today's economy, means you can probably get a loan for $150K max. Good luck finding a parking spot that costs that much.
 
1. Funding for all clinical and PhD years, including M4, stipend and tuition wavier
2. Academic centers that will expose you to excellent clinical training.
3. Students who are relatively happy and don't have to work 7 days a week to finish in 7-8 years.
 
You will be able to buy a house with few problems, and get to decide on the neighborhood. Your quality of life, based on economic factors, will be better.

I live in a big city. I'm glad I never bought a house because the housing market crashed while I was a student and I would not have made anything--perhaps even lost.

I do live in the highest income zip code in the city and the area most highly regarded as being nice/fun/interesting. I have a reasonably sized 1BR with deck. I eat out pretty much every night and blow more money than I should admit on booze.

How much better of a quality of life would you want?

I'm not saying you never get to go outside, but how often are you really enjoying those things that you could not get elsewhere?

For me, one day a week doing that sort of thing makes the whole week much better. That is the one reason I'm trying to move out of here, because the outdoors here isn't so great. That being said there aren't many MD/PhD programs in great outdoor locations. I get a little more flexibility for residency... Assuming I can match.

But that being said just being able to partake in the ethnic food variety that I love and have a vibrant urban culture that I can talk a walk in with bars, shops, people, events... That makes it worth it for me. So what if I ended up with more money... What would I do with more stuff anyways?

expensive cities are prohibitive for buying property as a med student.

Incorrect. I don't want to speak for sluox, but I know his situation quite well as I know the situation for many students in my city who have done similar things. Things like studio apartments or "fixer-uppers" are often affordable even on a student stipend. I've seen it over and over again. Of course you may have to make some tradeoffs, but even in Oklahoma City you're not going to get to buy a mansion.

Or maybe you live 30 min away from the city you are talking about.

For me, it's smack in the middle of the city about a 15 minute walk from the hospital.

Good luck finding a parking spot that costs that much.

One constant is that we tend not to have cars in the city. Who needs one when everything is within walking distance and there's mass transit?
 
For me most important are location, however you define desirable location, and strength of the research and MSTP. It's a very individual decision. For me location involves a vibrant urban environment or close to serious mountains/beaches where I can ski/surf/dive. How to decide a program's overall research strength or in certain fields depends on how focused your own research goals are.

Time to graduation is also very important.

Just keep in mind this post when interpreting time to completion numbers:

http://forums.studentdoctor.net/blog.php?b=1214

I think this sense of picking based on clinical training is overrated. If anything you'll get the best clinical training at places where there are no residents/fellows and you get do everything yourself. But these tend to be the no name places where there are not MSTPs. I've done several rotations now at what many rate as the best children's hopsital in the country and I've been very dissatisfied. The students get to do pretty much nothing and I saw very little variety there. My rotations at the big name adult hospital have been a mixed bag and the experiences are far more team dependent than anything else. When talking to students at other schools it seems that's true everywhere. Your experience depends on the resident, attending, etc... Your rotation for IM might be great, while your rotation for surgery might suck, etc... You'll get the basics you need to grow at any medical school--as that training is very standardized and relatively constant around the country. By contrast, graduate school training is in no way standardized and is very variable.
 
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hey everyone! Some really great advice in here, thanks a ton. Neuronix, your post about how long it really takes was surprising. I didn't realize that 8-9 years was so common, b/c schools really advertise that the norm is 7 or 7.somthing. Maybe I should ask what percentage of people graduate in 7, 8 or more years instead of the average?
 
Maybe I should ask what percentage of people graduate in 7, 8 or more years instead of the average?

The key is to ask "in the past 5 years what has been the average time to graduation." My school often says 7.5x which is true over the long life of our program. But over the past 5 years the average is almost exactly 8.
 
Not sure why you think I'm assuming anything. This is my opinion. I did not explain why, but I will now.
I think that cost of living is more attactive than perceived "fun factor" for several reasons. First, cost of living indexes are pretty standard and are, in a way, more "true" than something totally subjective, like how fun a city is. For example, if you are choosing between Oklahoma City and Chicago, it is pretty much fact that it is cheaper to live in Oklahoma. Your dollar will go farther. You will be able to buy a house with few problems, and get to decide on the neighborhood. Your quality of life, based on economic factors, will be better. No one can really argue that (I have not ever been to Oklahoma, but I am assuming that the cost of living is substantially less than Chicago and using this as an example). Many people would choose to go to Chicago because it is more "fun", without really ever seeing what life in Oklahoma is like. You may, in retrospect, love living in Oklahoma City. You may love Chicago. You may hate both. If you go to Chicago, you won't know what Oklahoma City is really like (and vice versa). But no one can argue that going to Oklahoma City would give you a better economic quality of life. Now, if you've lived in Oklahoma your whole life and hate it, by all means you know exactly what the cost (economic and lifestyle) of you staying there is. But most people will judge a city without really knowing what it's like, and I think that's the problem I am addressing, and it's better to go with a known factory like economic quality of life.

For many people, the advantage of a big metropolitan center is not simply the superior nightlife (though I do think that is a factor that can be important for quality of life, or at least it is for me). In big cities you're also more likely to be near people you know and care about. Nearly all of my closest friends have settled in NYC, and the opportunity to live in the same city as them (and be close to home as well) is a big plus for me. I'd gladly give up some extra cash to be able to see them more regularly.

Then again, my willingness to make that kind of tradeoff probably has something to do with my age (I don't plan on starting a family anytime soon), the value I place on my closest friendships, and the fact that I come from a relatively comfortable financial background. I could totally understand someone making the opposite choice.

Neuronix's case is just a reminder that big city != expensive city. (This is just one of the many reasons why Philly rocks. 😀) But even in your infamously pricey cities (NY, Boston), it does seem to me like life on an MSTP stipend can be comfortable, at least judging from numerous conversations I've had with current students in these locations. All the NYC programs, for instance, offer subsidized housing (which can have it's own disadvantages but at least helps to defray the main source of "cost of living" discrepancies between cities), and the slightly more expensive food/entertainment costs are offset by heftier stipends these programs provide. At programs where the subsidized housing is bad, it's still definitely a downside, but at schools with nice student housing (like Mount Sinai) I'm not so sure.

I'm currently trying to narrow down among my choices for MD/PhD programs, and, like almost everyone else on this thread, I care a lot about location and the quality of research in my (general) field of interest. But another factor which matters a lot to me, and which I don't think has been mentioned so far, is the opportunity to get meaningful clinical training before the last 1.5-2 years of medical school. I really don't like the idea of waiting 6 years before I have my first significant interaction with patients and start to get a sense of which specialties appeal to me. So I'm most interested in programs that would (A) allow me to complete a couple clinical clerkships before the PhD phase, and (B) give me the opportunity to do some meaningful clinical stuff during the PhD (should I feel like I have the time to do so). Since the major reason why I'm doing the dual degree program is so that I can approach my research from a clinical perspective, I'd like to already be participating in patient care before/during my PhD.

For current MD/PhD students, do you think this is a reasonable consideration, or is it bull****? Are early clinical experiences and clerkships in medical school meaningful enough that they can really change your goals/interests as a physician-scientist, or is it inevitably still like glorified shadowing? Do you think getting to do clerkships before the PhD can really be useful, or should I neglect this consideration entirely?
 
So I'm most interested in programs that would (A) allow me to complete a couple clinical clerkships before the PhD phase, and (B) give me the opportunity to do some meaningful clinical stuff during the PhD (should I feel like I have the time to do so). Since the major reason why I'm doing the dual degree program is so that I can approach my research from a clinical perspective, I'd like to already be participating in patient care before/during my PhD.

For current MD/PhD students, do you think this is a reasonable consideration, or is it bull****? Are early clinical experiences and clerkships in medical school meaningful enough that they can really change your goals/interests as a physician-scientist, or is it inevitably still like glorified shadowing? Do you think getting to do clerkships before the PhD can really be useful, or should I neglect this consideration entirely?

Good point! that's a biggie for me too. I'd love to hear some current students perspectives as well.
 
So I'm most interested in programs that would (A) allow me to complete a couple clinical clerkships before the PhD phase,

Useful IMO.

and (B) give me the opportunity to do some meaningful clinical stuff during the PhD (should I feel like I have the time to do so).

Not useful IMO. You are so bogged down in your PhD during those years you can't commit time to do clinical things. Then you might do things like one day a month or something which really doesn't help you remember things or keep up to date. I think you can always do this at any program. Some programs force something on you or have established programs for clinical continuity. But shadowing, doing some H&Ps, or talking to clinicians while in your PhD can always be arranged.

Are early clinical experiences and clerkships in medical school meaningful enough that they can really change your goals/interests as a physician-scientist, or is it inevitably still like glorified shadowing? Do you think getting to do clerkships before the PhD can really be useful, or should I neglect this consideration entirely?

I think it can. It did for me. Unfortunately you can't really do electives before your PhD, so I couldn't know exactly what specialty I wanted to do pre-PhD. But doing rotations pre-PhD did help me think about it and rule out certain specialties. It also helped me find and think about the clinical relevance in my work.
 
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