Why does atrial fib predisposes to blood clot?

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MudPhud20XX

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I thought blood clotting requires a damaged endothelium of the blood vessel. I am not completely convinced why atrial fibrillation will necessarily trigger the blood clot formation cascade in the heart. Can anyone enlighten me? Many thanks in advance.
 
It's all about the stasis in this case, not the endothelial damage; the random, erratic contractions of myocytes in the atrium leads to areas of blood stasis rather than a coordinated contraction. Think deep venous thrombosis. If blood sits for a long period of time, spontaneous activation of thrombin may eventually occur, leading to the cascade.

There's a slight distinction between the stasis-based clots and endothelial-damaged ones: Stasis is more clotting factor+fibrin-dependant, and endothelial damage is more platelet-dependant. I've really only heard this be of any importance in explaining why they give aspirin+warfarin/heparin in anterior MI's. These MI's have the greatest risk for mural thrombi, which are mixed clots of platelets and fibrin - the weak muscle causes stasis, and the infarction is endothelial damage. Therefore, the aspirin is a platelet block for endothelial damage, then warfarin/heparin on top of it is for the stasis.

(I'm not trying to be a gunner here with my answers, you just keep posting right when I happen to be checking the forum hahaha)
 
Kirby, thanks again! I really appreciate your answers. Of course, I wouldn't think you are a gunner so no worries man LOL!

Yeah I definitely lacked the understanding of both stasis and turbulence of blood flow increases risk for thrombosis. Pathoma says"Blood flow is normally continuous and laminar; keeps platelets and factors dispersed and inactivated."

By the way, just out curiosity, have you taken step1 already?
 
I agree its all about stasis. The left atrial appendage is not as fortunate to get as much flow through it during a normal cardiac cycle. When atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter occurs, the left atrial appendage loses contractility and stasis can occur. Echocardiography can show what they call "spontaneous echo contrast" in the left atrium when flow is really slow and the left atrium is severely enlarged. This actually occurs due to rouleaux formation of the RBCs. A transesophageal echo or cardiac CT can see the thrombus if present. Here is a great review article summarizing atrial fibrillation http://www.learntheheart.com/cardiology-review/atrial-fibrillation/
 
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